Update version to 1.3

26 files changed, 7184 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/jama_cholesky.h b/lib/include/tnt/jama_cholesky.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..371d2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/jama_cholesky.h
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#ifndef JAMA_CHOLESKY_H
+#define JAMA_CHOLESKY_H
+
+#include "math.h"
+	/* needed for sqrt() below. */
+
+
+namespace JAMA
+{
+
+using namespace TNT;
+
+/** 
+   <P>
+   For a symmetric, positive definite matrix A, this function
+   computes the Cholesky factorization, i.e. it computes a lower 
+   triangular matrix L such that A = L*L'.
+   If the matrix is not symmetric or positive definite, the function
+   computes only a partial decomposition.  This can be tested with
+   the is_spd() flag.
+
+   <p>Typical usage looks like:
+   <pre>
+	Array2D<double> A(n,n);
+	Array2D<double> L;
+
+	 ... 
+
+	Cholesky<double> chol(A);
+
+	if (chol.is_spd())
+		L = chol.getL();
+		
+  	else
+		cout << "factorization was not complete.\n";
+
+	</pre>
+
+
+   <p>
+	(Adapted from JAMA, a Java Matrix Library, developed by jointly 
+	by the Mathworks and NIST; see  http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama).
+
+   */
+
+template <class Real>
+class Cholesky
+{
+	Array2D<Real> L_;		// lower triangular factor
+	int isspd;				// 1 if matrix to be factored was SPD
+
+public:
+
+	Cholesky();
+	Cholesky(const Array2D<Real> &A);
+	Array2D<Real> getL() const;
+	Array1D<Real> solve(const Array1D<Real> &B);
+	Array2D<Real> solve(const Array2D<Real> &B);
+	int is_spd() const;
+
+};
+
+template <class Real>
+Cholesky<Real>::Cholesky() : L_(0,0), isspd(0) {}
+
+/**
+	@return 1, if original matrix to be factored was symmetric 
+		positive-definite (SPD).
+*/
+template <class Real>
+int Cholesky<Real>::is_spd() const
+{
+	return isspd;
+}
+
+/**
+	@return the lower triangular factor, L, such that L*L'=A.
+*/
+template <class Real>
+Array2D<Real> Cholesky<Real>::getL() const
+{
+	return L_;
+}
+
+/**
+	Constructs a lower triangular matrix L, such that L*L'= A.
+	If A is not symmetric positive-definite (SPD), only a
+	partial factorization is performed.  If is_spd()
+	evalutate true (1) then the factorizaiton was successful.
+*/
+template <class Real>
+Cholesky<Real>::Cholesky(const Array2D<Real> &A)
+{
+
+
+   	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	
+	isspd = (m == n);
+
+	if (m != n)
+	{
+		L_ = Array2D<Real>(0,0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	L_ = Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+
+
+      // Main loop.
+     for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) 
+	 {
+        Real d(0.0);
+        for (int k = 0; k < j; k++) 
+		{
+            Real s(0.0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) 
+			{
+               s += L_[k][i]*L_[j][i];
+            }
+            L_[j][k] = s = (A[j][k] - s)/L_[k][k];
+            d = d + s*s;
+            isspd = isspd && (A[k][j] == A[j][k]); 
+         }
+         d = A[j][j] - d;
+         isspd = isspd && (d > 0.0);
+         L_[j][j] = sqrt(d > 0.0 ? d : 0.0);
+         for (int k = j+1; k < n; k++) 
+		 {
+            L_[j][k] = 0.0;
+         }
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+
+	Solve a linear system A*x = b, using the previously computed
+	cholesky factorization of A: L*L'.
+
+   @param  B   A Matrix with as many rows as A and any number of columns.
+   @return     x so that L*L'*x = b.  If b is nonconformat, or if A
+   				was not symmetric posidtive definite, a null (0x0)
+   						array is returned.
+*/
+template <class Real>
+Array1D<Real> Cholesky<Real>::solve(const Array1D<Real> &b)
+{
+	int n = L_.dim1();
+	if (b.dim1() != n)
+		return Array1D<Real>();
+
+
+	Array1D<Real> x = b.copy();
+
+
+      // Solve L*y = b;
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) 
+	  {
+         for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) 
+               x[k] -= x[i]*L_[k][i];
+		 x[k] /= L_[k][k];
+		
+      }
+
+      // Solve L'*X = Y;
+      for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) 
+	  {
+         for (int i = k+1; i < n; i++) 
+               x[k] -= x[i]*L_[i][k];
+         x[k] /= L_[k][k];
+      }
+
+	return x;
+}
+
+
+/**
+
+	Solve a linear system A*X = B, using the previously computed
+	cholesky factorization of A: L*L'.
+
+   @param  B   A Matrix with as many rows as A and any number of columns.
+   @return     X so that L*L'*X = B.  If B is nonconformat, or if A
+   				was not symmetric posidtive definite, a null (0x0)
+   						array is returned.
+*/
+template <class Real>
+Array2D<Real> Cholesky<Real>::solve(const Array2D<Real> &B)
+{
+	int n = L_.dim1();
+	if (B.dim1() != n)
+		return Array2D<Real>();
+
+
+	Array2D<Real> X = B.copy();
+	int nx = B.dim2();
+
+// Cleve's original code
+#if 0
+      // Solve L*Y = B;
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+         for (int i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+               X[i][j] -= X[k][j]*L_[k][i];
+            }
+         }
+         for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+            X[k][j] /= L_[k][k];
+         }
+      }
+
+      // Solve L'*X = Y;
+      for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+            X[k][j] /= L_[k][k];
+         }
+         for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+               X[i][j] -= X[k][j]*L_[k][i];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+#endif
+
+
+      // Solve L*y = b;
+  	  for (int j=0; j< nx; j++)
+	  {
+      	for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) 
+		{
+			for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) 
+               X[k][j] -= X[i][j]*L_[k][i];
+		    X[k][j] /= L_[k][k];
+		 }
+      }
+
+      // Solve L'*X = Y;
+     for (int j=0; j<nx; j++)
+	 {
+      	for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) 
+	  	{
+         	for (int i = k+1; i < n; i++) 
+               X[k][j] -= X[i][j]*L_[i][k];
+         	X[k][j] /= L_[k][k];
+		}
+      }
+
+
+
+	return X;
+}
+
+
+}
+// namespace JAMA
+
+#endif
+// JAMA_CHOLESKY_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/jama_eig.h b/lib/include/tnt/jama_eig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e3572f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/jama_eig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+#ifndef JAMA_EIG_H
+#define JAMA_EIG_H
+
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d.h"
+#include "tnt_math_utils.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+// for min(), max() below
+
+#include <cmath>
+// for abs() below
+
+using namespace TNT;
+using namespace std;
+
+// Modification by Willem Jan Palenstijn, 2010-03-11:
+// Use std::min() instead of min(), std::max() instead of max()
+
+
+namespace JAMA
+{
+
+/** 
+
+    Computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real (non-complex)
+    matrix. 
+<P>
+    If A is symmetric, then A = V*D*V' where the eigenvalue matrix D is
+    diagonal and the eigenvector matrix V is orthogonal. That is,
+	the diagonal values of D are the eigenvalues, and
+    V*V' = I, where I is the identity matrix.  The columns of V 
+    represent the eigenvectors in the sense that A*V = V*D.
+    
+<P>
+    If A is not symmetric, then the eigenvalue matrix D is block diagonal
+    with the real eigenvalues in 1-by-1 blocks and any complex eigenvalues,
+    a + i*b, in 2-by-2 blocks, [a, b; -b, a].  That is, if the complex
+    eigenvalues look like
+<pre>
+
+          u + iv     .        .          .      .    .
+            .      u - iv     .          .      .    .
+            .        .      a + ib       .      .    .
+            .        .        .        a - ib   .    .
+            .        .        .          .      x    .
+            .        .        .          .      .    y
+</pre>
+        then D looks like
+<pre>
+
+            u        v        .          .      .    .
+           -v        u        .          .      .    . 
+            .        .        a          b      .    .
+            .        .       -b          a      .    .
+            .        .        .          .      x    .
+            .        .        .          .      .    y
+</pre>
+    This keeps V a real matrix in both symmetric and non-symmetric
+    cases, and A*V = V*D.
+    
+    
+    
+    <p>
+    The matrix V may be badly
+    conditioned, or even singular, so the validity of the equation
+    A = V*D*inverse(V) depends upon the condition number of V.
+
+   <p>
+	(Adapted from JAMA, a Java Matrix Library, developed by jointly 
+	by the Mathworks and NIST; see  http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama).
+**/
+
+template <class Real>
+class Eigenvalue
+{
+
+
+   /** Row and column dimension (square matrix).  */
+    int n;
+
+   int issymmetric; /* boolean*/
+
+   /** Arrays for internal storage of eigenvalues. */
+
+   TNT::Array1D<Real> d;         /* real part */
+   TNT::Array1D<Real> e;         /* img part */
+
+   /** Array for internal storage of eigenvectors. */
+    TNT::Array2D<Real> V;
+
+   /** Array for internal storage of nonsymmetric Hessenberg form.
+   @serial internal storage of nonsymmetric Hessenberg form.
+   */
+   TNT::Array2D<Real> H;
+   
+
+   /** Working storage for nonsymmetric algorithm.
+   @serial working storage for nonsymmetric algorithm.
+   */
+   TNT::Array1D<Real> ort;
+
+
+   // Symmetric Householder reduction to tridiagonal form.
+
+   void tred2() {
+
+   //  This is derived from the Algol procedures tred2 by
+   //  Bowdler, Martin, Reinsch, and Wilkinson, Handbook for
+   //  Auto. Comp., Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
+   //  Fortran subroutine in EISPACK.
+
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+         d[j] = V[n-1][j];
+      }
+
+      // Householder reduction to tridiagonal form.
+   
+      for (int i = n-1; i > 0; i--) {
+   
+         // Scale to avoid under/overflow.
+   
+         Real scale = 0.0;
+         Real h = 0.0;
+         for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
+            scale = scale + abs(d[k]);
+         }
+         if (scale == 0.0) {
+            e[i] = d[i-1];
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               d[j] = V[i-1][j];
+               V[i][j] = 0.0;
+               V[j][i] = 0.0;
+            }
+         } else {
+   
+            // Generate Householder vector.
+   
+            for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
+               d[k] /= scale;
+               h += d[k] * d[k];
+            }
+            Real f = d[i-1];
+            Real g = sqrt(h);
+            if (f > 0) {
+               g = -g;
+            }
+            e[i] = scale * g;
+            h = h - f * g;
+            d[i-1] = f - g;
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               e[j] = 0.0;
+            }
+   
+            // Apply similarity transformation to remaining columns.
+   
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               f = d[j];
+               V[j][i] = f;
+               g = e[j] + V[j][j] * f;
+               for (int k = j+1; k <= i-1; k++) {
+                  g += V[k][j] * d[k];
+                  e[k] += V[k][j] * f;
+               }
+               e[j] = g;
+            }
+            f = 0.0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               e[j] /= h;
+               f += e[j] * d[j];
+            }
+            Real hh = f / (h + h);
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               e[j] -= hh * d[j];
+            }
+            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+               f = d[j];
+               g = e[j];
+               for (int k = j; k <= i-1; k++) {
+                  V[k][j] -= (f * e[k] + g * d[k]);
+               }
+               d[j] = V[i-1][j];
+               V[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+         }
+         d[i] = h;
+      }
+   
+      // Accumulate transformations.
+   
+      for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
+         V[n-1][i] = V[i][i];
+         V[i][i] = 1.0;
+         Real h = d[i+1];
+         if (h != 0.0) {
+            for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
+               d[k] = V[k][i+1] / h;
+            }
+            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
+               Real g = 0.0;
+               for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
+                  g += V[k][i+1] * V[k][j];
+               }
+               for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
+                  V[k][j] -= g * d[k];
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++) {
+            V[k][i+1] = 0.0;
+         }
+      }
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+         d[j] = V[n-1][j];
+         V[n-1][j] = 0.0;
+      }
+      V[n-1][n-1] = 1.0;
+      e[0] = 0.0;
+   } 
+
+   // Symmetric tridiagonal QL algorithm.
+   
+   void tql2 () {
+
+   //  This is derived from the Algol procedures tql2, by
+   //  Bowdler, Martin, Reinsch, and Wilkinson, Handbook for
+   //  Auto. Comp., Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
+   //  Fortran subroutine in EISPACK.
+   
+      for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+         e[i-1] = e[i];
+      }
+      e[n-1] = 0.0;
+   
+      Real f = 0.0;
+      Real tst1 = 0.0;
+      Real eps = pow(2.0,-52.0);
+      for (int l = 0; l < n; l++) {
+
+         // Find small subdiagonal element
+   
+         tst1 = std::max(tst1,abs(d[l]) + abs(e[l]));
+         int m = l;
+
+        // Original while-loop from Java code
+         while (m < n) {
+            if (abs(e[m]) <= eps*tst1) {
+               break;
+            }
+            m++;
+         }
+
+   
+         // If m == l, d[l] is an eigenvalue,
+         // otherwise, iterate.
+   
+         if (m > l) {
+            int iter = 0;
+            do {
+               iter = iter + 1;  // (Could check iteration count here.)
+   
+               // Compute implicit shift
+   
+               Real g = d[l];
+               Real p = (d[l+1] - g) / (2.0 * e[l]);
+               Real r = hypot(p,1.0);
+               if (p < 0) {
+                  r = -r;
+               }
+               d[l] = e[l] / (p + r);
+               d[l+1] = e[l] * (p + r);
+               Real dl1 = d[l+1];
+               Real h = g - d[l];
+               for (int i = l+2; i < n; i++) {
+                  d[i] -= h;
+               }
+               f = f + h;
+   
+               // Implicit QL transformation.
+   
+               p = d[m];
+               Real c = 1.0;
+               Real c2 = c;
+               Real c3 = c;
+               Real el1 = e[l+1];
+               Real s = 0.0;
+               Real s2 = 0.0;
+               for (int i = m-1; i >= l; i--) {
+                  c3 = c2;
+                  c2 = c;
+                  s2 = s;
+                  g = c * e[i];
+                  h = c * p;
+                  r = hypot(p,e[i]);
+                  e[i+1] = s * r;
+                  s = e[i] / r;
+                  c = p / r;
+                  p = c * d[i] - s * g;
+                  d[i+1] = h + s * (c * g + s * d[i]);
+   
+                  // Accumulate transformation.
+   
+                  for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+                     h = V[k][i+1];
+                     V[k][i+1] = s * V[k][i] + c * h;
+                     V[k][i] = c * V[k][i] - s * h;
+                  }
+               }
+               p = -s * s2 * c3 * el1 * e[l] / dl1;
+               e[l] = s * p;
+               d[l] = c * p;
+   
+               // Check for convergence.
+   
+            } while (abs(e[l]) > eps*tst1);
+         }
+         d[l] = d[l] + f;
+         e[l] = 0.0;
+      }
+     
+      // Sort eigenvalues and corresponding vectors.
+   
+      for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {
+         int k = i;
+         Real p = d[i];
+         for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) {
+            if (d[j] < p) {
+               k = j;
+               p = d[j];
+            }
+         }
+         if (k != i) {
+            d[k] = d[i];
+            d[i] = p;
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+               p = V[j][i];
+               V[j][i] = V[j][k];
+               V[j][k] = p;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   // Nonsymmetric reduction to Hessenberg form.
+
+   void orthes () {
+   
+      //  This is derived from the Algol procedures orthes and ortran,
+      //  by Martin and Wilkinson, Handbook for Auto. Comp.,
+      //  Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
+      //  Fortran subroutines in EISPACK.
+   
+      int low = 0;
+      int high = n-1;
+   
+      for (int m = low+1; m <= high-1; m++) {
+   
+         // Scale column.
+   
+         Real scale = 0.0;
+         for (int i = m; i <= high; i++) {
+            scale = scale + abs(H[i][m-1]);
+         }
+         if (scale != 0.0) {
+   
+            // Compute Householder transformation.
+   
+            Real h = 0.0;
+            for (int i = high; i >= m; i--) {
+               ort[i] = H[i][m-1]/scale;
+               h += ort[i] * ort[i];
+            }
+            Real g = sqrt(h);
+            if (ort[m] > 0) {
+               g = -g;
+            }
+            h = h - ort[m] * g;
+            ort[m] = ort[m] - g;
+   
+            // Apply Householder similarity transformation
+            // H = (I-u*u'/h)*H*(I-u*u')/h)
+   
+            for (int j = m; j < n; j++) {
+               Real f = 0.0;
+               for (int i = high; i >= m; i--) {
+                  f += ort[i]*H[i][j];
+               }
+               f = f/h;
+               for (int i = m; i <= high; i++) {
+                  H[i][j] -= f*ort[i];
+               }
+           }
+   
+           for (int i = 0; i <= high; i++) {
+               Real f = 0.0;
+               for (int j = high; j >= m; j--) {
+                  f += ort[j]*H[i][j];
+               }
+               f = f/h;
+               for (int j = m; j <= high; j++) {
+                  H[i][j] -= f*ort[j];
+               }
+            }
+            ort[m] = scale*ort[m];
+            H[m][m-1] = scale*g;
+         }
+      }
+   
+      // Accumulate transformations (Algol's ortran).
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            V[i][j] = (i == j ? 1.0 : 0.0);
+         }
+      }
+
+      for (int m = high-1; m >= low+1; m--) {
+         if (H[m][m-1] != 0.0) {
+            for (int i = m+1; i <= high; i++) {
+               ort[i] = H[i][m-1];
+            }
+            for (int j = m; j <= high; j++) {
+               Real g = 0.0;
+               for (int i = m; i <= high; i++) {
+                  g += ort[i] * V[i][j];
+               }
+               // Double division avoids possible underflow
+               g = (g / ort[m]) / H[m][m-1];
+               for (int i = m; i <= high; i++) {
+                  V[i][j] += g * ort[i];
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   // Complex scalar division.
+
+   Real cdivr, cdivi;
+   void cdiv(Real xr, Real xi, Real yr, Real yi) {
+      Real r,d;
+      if (abs(yr) > abs(yi)) {
+         r = yi/yr;
+         d = yr + r*yi;
+         cdivr = (xr + r*xi)/d;
+         cdivi = (xi - r*xr)/d;
+      } else {
+         r = yr/yi;
+         d = yi + r*yr;
+         cdivr = (r*xr + xi)/d;
+         cdivi = (r*xi - xr)/d;
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   // Nonsymmetric reduction from Hessenberg to real Schur form.
+
+   void hqr2 () {
+   
+      //  This is derived from the Algol procedure hqr2,
+      //  by Martin and Wilkinson, Handbook for Auto. Comp.,
+      //  Vol.ii-Linear Algebra, and the corresponding
+      //  Fortran subroutine in EISPACK.
+   
+      // Initialize
+   
+      int nn = this->n;
+      int n = nn-1;
+      int low = 0;
+      int high = nn-1;
+      Real eps = pow(2.0,-52.0);
+      Real exshift = 0.0;
+      Real p=0,q=0,r=0,s=0,z=0,t,w,x,y;
+   
+      // Store roots isolated by balanc and compute matrix norm
+   
+      Real norm = 0.0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < nn; i++) {
+         if ((i < low) || (i > high)) {
+            d[i] = H[i][i];
+            e[i] = 0.0;
+         }
+         for (int j = std::max(i-1,0); j < nn; j++) {
+            norm = norm + abs(H[i][j]);
+         }
+      }
+   
+      // Outer loop over eigenvalue index
+   
+      int iter = 0;
+      while (n >= low) {
+   
+         // Look for single small sub-diagonal element
+   
+         int l = n;
+         while (l > low) {
+            s = abs(H[l-1][l-1]) + abs(H[l][l]);
+            if (s == 0.0) {
+               s = norm;
+            }
+            if (abs(H[l][l-1]) < eps * s) {
+               break;
+            }
+            l--;
+         }
+       
+         // Check for convergence
+         // One root found
+   
+         if (l == n) {
+            H[n][n] = H[n][n] + exshift;
+            d[n] = H[n][n];
+            e[n] = 0.0;
+            n--;
+            iter = 0;
+   
+         // Two roots found
+   
+         } else if (l == n-1) {
+            w = H[n][n-1] * H[n-1][n];
+            p = (H[n-1][n-1] - H[n][n]) / 2.0;
+            q = p * p + w;
+            z = sqrt(abs(q));
+            H[n][n] = H[n][n] + exshift;
+            H[n-1][n-1] = H[n-1][n-1] + exshift;
+            x = H[n][n];
+   
+            // Real pair
+   
+            if (q >= 0) {
+               if (p >= 0) {
+                  z = p + z;
+               } else {
+                  z = p - z;
+               }
+               d[n-1] = x + z;
+               d[n] = d[n-1];
+               if (z != 0.0) {
+                  d[n] = x - w / z;
+               }
+               e[n-1] = 0.0;
+               e[n] = 0.0;
+               x = H[n][n-1];
+               s = abs(x) + abs(z);
+               p = x / s;
+               q = z / s;
+               r = sqrt(p * p+q * q);
+               p = p / r;
+               q = q / r;
+   
+               // Row modification
+   
+               for (int j = n-1; j < nn; j++) {
+                  z = H[n-1][j];
+                  H[n-1][j] = q * z + p * H[n][j];
+                  H[n][j] = q * H[n][j] - p * z;
+               }
+   
+               // Column modification
+   
+               for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
+                  z = H[i][n-1];
+                  H[i][n-1] = q * z + p * H[i][n];
+                  H[i][n] = q * H[i][n] - p * z;
+               }
+   
+               // Accumulate transformations
+   
+               for (int i = low; i <= high; i++) {
+                  z = V[i][n-1];
+                  V[i][n-1] = q * z + p * V[i][n];
+                  V[i][n] = q * V[i][n] - p * z;
+               }
+   
+            // Complex pair
+   
+            } else {
+               d[n-1] = x + p;
+               d[n] = x + p;
+               e[n-1] = z;
+               e[n] = -z;
+            }
+            n = n - 2;
+            iter = 0;
+   
+         // No convergence yet
+   
+         } else {
+   
+            // Form shift
+   
+            x = H[n][n];
+            y = 0.0;
+            w = 0.0;
+            if (l < n) {
+               y = H[n-1][n-1];
+               w = H[n][n-1] * H[n-1][n];
+            }
+   
+            // Wilkinson's original ad hoc shift
+   
+            if (iter == 10) {
+               exshift += x;
+               for (int i = low; i <= n; i++) {
+                  H[i][i] -= x;
+               }
+               s = abs(H[n][n-1]) + abs(H[n-1][n-2]);
+               x = y = 0.75 * s;
+               w = -0.4375 * s * s;
+            }
+
+            // MATLAB's new ad hoc shift
+
+            if (iter == 30) {
+                s = (y - x) / 2.0;
+                s = s * s + w;
+                if (s > 0) {
+                    s = sqrt(s);
+                    if (y < x) {
+                       s = -s;
+                    }
+                    s = x - w / ((y - x) / 2.0 + s);
+                    for (int i = low; i <= n; i++) {
+                       H[i][i] -= s;
+                    }
+                    exshift += s;
+                    x = y = w = 0.964;
+                }
+            }
+   
+            iter = iter + 1;   // (Could check iteration count here.)
+   
+            // Look for two consecutive small sub-diagonal elements
+   
+            int m = n-2;
+            while (m >= l) {
+               z = H[m][m];
+               r = x - z;
+               s = y - z;
+               p = (r * s - w) / H[m+1][m] + H[m][m+1];
+               q = H[m+1][m+1] - z - r - s;
+               r = H[m+2][m+1];
+               s = abs(p) + abs(q) + abs(r);
+               p = p / s;
+               q = q / s;
+               r = r / s;
+               if (m == l) {
+                  break;
+               }
+               if (abs(H[m][m-1]) * (abs(q) + abs(r)) <
+                  eps * (abs(p) * (abs(H[m-1][m-1]) + abs(z) +
+                  abs(H[m+1][m+1])))) {
+                     break;
+               }
+               m--;
+            }
+   
+            for (int i = m+2; i <= n; i++) {
+               H[i][i-2] = 0.0;
+               if (i > m+2) {
+                  H[i][i-3] = 0.0;
+               }
+            }
+   
+            // Double QR step involving rows l:n and columns m:n
+   
+            for (int k = m; k <= n-1; k++) {
+               int notlast = (k != n-1);
+               if (k != m) {
+                  p = H[k][k-1];
+                  q = H[k+1][k-1];
+                  r = (notlast ? H[k+2][k-1] : 0.0);
+                  x = abs(p) + abs(q) + abs(r);
+                  if (x != 0.0) {
+                     p = p / x;
+                     q = q / x;
+                     r = r / x;
+                  }
+               }
+               if (x == 0.0) {
+                  break;
+               }
+               s = sqrt(p * p + q * q + r * r);
+               if (p < 0) {
+                  s = -s;
+               }
+               if (s != 0) {
+                  if (k != m) {
+                     H[k][k-1] = -s * x;
+                  } else if (l != m) {
+                     H[k][k-1] = -H[k][k-1];
+                  }
+                  p = p + s;
+                  x = p / s;
+                  y = q / s;
+                  z = r / s;
+                  q = q / p;
+                  r = r / p;
+   
+                  // Row modification
+   
+                  for (int j = k; j < nn; j++) {
+                     p = H[k][j] + q * H[k+1][j];
+                     if (notlast) {
+                        p = p + r * H[k+2][j];
+                        H[k+2][j] = H[k+2][j] - p * z;
+                     }
+                     H[k][j] = H[k][j] - p * x;
+                     H[k+1][j] = H[k+1][j] - p * y;
+                  }
+   
+                  // Column modification
+   
+                  for (int i = 0; i <= std::min(n,k+3); i++) {
+                     p = x * H[i][k] + y * H[i][k+1];
+                     if (notlast) {
+                        p = p + z * H[i][k+2];
+                        H[i][k+2] = H[i][k+2] - p * r;
+                     }
+                     H[i][k] = H[i][k] - p;
+                     H[i][k+1] = H[i][k+1] - p * q;
+                  }
+   
+                  // Accumulate transformations
+   
+                  for (int i = low; i <= high; i++) {
+                     p = x * V[i][k] + y * V[i][k+1];
+                     if (notlast) {
+                        p = p + z * V[i][k+2];
+                        V[i][k+2] = V[i][k+2] - p * r;
+                     }
+                     V[i][k] = V[i][k] - p;
+                     V[i][k+1] = V[i][k+1] - p * q;
+                  }
+               }  // (s != 0)
+            }  // k loop
+         }  // check convergence
+      }  // while (n >= low)
+      
+      // Backsubstitute to find vectors of upper triangular form
+
+      if (norm == 0.0) {
+         return;
+      }
+   
+      for (n = nn-1; n >= 0; n--) {
+         p = d[n];
+         q = e[n];
+   
+         // Real vector
+   
+         if (q == 0) {
+            int l = n;
+            H[n][n] = 1.0;
+            for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+               w = H[i][i] - p;
+               r = 0.0;
+               for (int j = l; j <= n; j++) {
+                  r = r + H[i][j] * H[j][n];
+               }
+               if (e[i] < 0.0) {
+                  z = w;
+                  s = r;
+               } else {
+                  l = i;
+                  if (e[i] == 0.0) {
+                     if (w != 0.0) {
+                        H[i][n] = -r / w;
+                     } else {
+                        H[i][n] = -r / (eps * norm);
+                     }
+   
+                  // Solve real equations
+   
+                  } else {
+                     x = H[i][i+1];
+                     y = H[i+1][i];
+                     q = (d[i] - p) * (d[i] - p) + e[i] * e[i];
+                     t = (x * s - z * r) / q;
+                     H[i][n] = t;
+                     if (abs(x) > abs(z)) {
+                        H[i+1][n] = (-r - w * t) / x;
+                     } else {
+                        H[i+1][n] = (-s - y * t) / z;
+                     }
+                  }
+   
+                  // Overflow control
+   
+                  t = abs(H[i][n]);
+                  if ((eps * t) * t > 1) {
+                     for (int j = i; j <= n; j++) {
+                        H[j][n] = H[j][n] / t;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+   
+         // Complex vector
+   
+         } else if (q < 0) {
+            int l = n-1;
+
+            // Last vector component imaginary so matrix is triangular
+   
+            if (abs(H[n][n-1]) > abs(H[n-1][n])) {
+               H[n-1][n-1] = q / H[n][n-1];
+               H[n-1][n] = -(H[n][n] - p) / H[n][n-1];
+            } else {
+               cdiv(0.0,-H[n-1][n],H[n-1][n-1]-p,q);
+               H[n-1][n-1] = cdivr;
+               H[n-1][n] = cdivi;
+            }
+            H[n][n-1] = 0.0;
+            H[n][n] = 1.0;
+            for (int i = n-2; i >= 0; i--) {
+               Real ra,sa,vr,vi;
+               ra = 0.0;
+               sa = 0.0;
+               for (int j = l; j <= n; j++) {
+                  ra = ra + H[i][j] * H[j][n-1];
+                  sa = sa + H[i][j] * H[j][n];
+               }
+               w = H[i][i] - p;
+   
+               if (e[i] < 0.0) {
+                  z = w;
+                  r = ra;
+                  s = sa;
+               } else {
+                  l = i;
+                  if (e[i] == 0) {
+                     cdiv(-ra,-sa,w,q);
+                     H[i][n-1] = cdivr;
+                     H[i][n] = cdivi;
+                  } else {
+   
+                     // Solve complex equations
+   
+                     x = H[i][i+1];
+                     y = H[i+1][i];
+                     vr = (d[i] - p) * (d[i] - p) + e[i] * e[i] - q * q;
+                     vi = (d[i] - p) * 2.0 * q;
+                     if ((vr == 0.0) && (vi == 0.0)) {
+                        vr = eps * norm * (abs(w) + abs(q) +
+                        abs(x) + abs(y) + abs(z));
+                     }
+                     cdiv(x*r-z*ra+q*sa,x*s-z*sa-q*ra,vr,vi);
+                     H[i][n-1] = cdivr;
+                     H[i][n] = cdivi;
+                     if (abs(x) > (abs(z) + abs(q))) {
+                        H[i+1][n-1] = (-ra - w * H[i][n-1] + q * H[i][n]) / x;
+                        H[i+1][n] = (-sa - w * H[i][n] - q * H[i][n-1]) / x;
+                     } else {
+                        cdiv(-r-y*H[i][n-1],-s-y*H[i][n],z,q);
+                        H[i+1][n-1] = cdivr;
+                        H[i+1][n] = cdivi;
+                     }
+                  }
+   
+                  // Overflow control
+
+                  t = std::max(abs(H[i][n-1]),abs(H[i][n]));
+                  if ((eps * t) * t > 1) {
+                     for (int j = i; j <= n; j++) {
+                        H[j][n-1] = H[j][n-1] / t;
+                        H[j][n] = H[j][n] / t;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   
+      // Vectors of isolated roots
+   
+      for (int i = 0; i < nn; i++) {
+         if (i < low || i > high) {
+            for (int j = i; j < nn; j++) {
+               V[i][j] = H[i][j];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   
+      // Back transformation to get eigenvectors of original matrix
+   
+      for (int j = nn-1; j >= low; j--) {
+         for (int i = low; i <= high; i++) {
+            z = 0.0;
+            for (int k = low; k <= std::min(j,high); k++) {
+               z = z + V[i][k] * H[k][j];
+            }
+            V[i][j] = z;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+public:
+
+
+   /** Check for symmetry, then construct the eigenvalue decomposition
+   @param A    Square real (non-complex) matrix
+   */
+
+   Eigenvalue(const TNT::Array2D<Real> &A) {
+      n = A.dim2();
+      V = Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+      d = Array1D<Real>(n);
+      e = Array1D<Real>(n);
+
+      issymmetric = 1;
+      for (int j = 0; (j < n) && issymmetric; j++) {
+         for (int i = 0; (i < n) && issymmetric; i++) {
+            issymmetric = (A[i][j] == A[j][i]);
+         }
+      }
+
+      if (issymmetric) {
+         for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+               V[i][j] = A[i][j];
+            }
+         }
+   
+         // Tridiagonalize.
+         tred2();
+   
+         // Diagonalize.
+         tql2();
+
+      } else {
+         H = TNT::Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+         ort = TNT::Array1D<Real>(n);
+         
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               H[i][j] = A[i][j];
+            }
+         }
+   
+         // Reduce to Hessenberg form.
+         orthes();
+   
+         // Reduce Hessenberg to real Schur form.
+         hqr2();
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   /** Return the eigenvector matrix
+   @return     V
+   */
+
+   void getV (TNT::Array2D<Real> &V_) {
+      V_ = V;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   /** Return the real parts of the eigenvalues
+   @return     real(diag(D))
+   */
+
+   void getRealEigenvalues (TNT::Array1D<Real> &d_) {
+      d_ = d;
+      return ;
+   }
+
+   /** Return the imaginary parts of the eigenvalues
+   in parameter e_.
+
+   @pararm e_: new matrix with imaginary parts of the eigenvalues.
+   */
+   void getImagEigenvalues (TNT::Array1D<Real> &e_) {
+      e_ = e;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   
+/** 
+	Computes the block diagonal eigenvalue matrix.
+    If the original matrix A is not symmetric, then the eigenvalue 
+	matrix D is block diagonal with the real eigenvalues in 1-by-1 
+	blocks and any complex eigenvalues,
+    a + i*b, in 2-by-2 blocks, [a, b; -b, a].  That is, if the complex
+    eigenvalues look like
+<pre>
+
+          u + iv     .        .          .      .    .
+            .      u - iv     .          .      .    .
+            .        .      a + ib       .      .    .
+            .        .        .        a - ib   .    .
+            .        .        .          .      x    .
+            .        .        .          .      .    y
+</pre>
+        then D looks like
+<pre>
+
+            u        v        .          .      .    .
+           -v        u        .          .      .    . 
+            .        .        a          b      .    .
+            .        .       -b          a      .    .
+            .        .        .          .      x    .
+            .        .        .          .      .    y
+</pre>
+    This keeps V a real matrix in both symmetric and non-symmetric
+    cases, and A*V = V*D.
+
+	@param D: upon return, the matrix is filled with the block diagonal 
+	eigenvalue matrix.
+	
+*/
+   void getD (TNT::Array2D<Real> &D) {
+      D = Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            D[i][j] = 0.0;
+         }
+         D[i][i] = d[i];
+         if (e[i] > 0) {
+            D[i][i+1] = e[i];
+         } else if (e[i] < 0) {
+            D[i][i-1] = e[i];
+         }
+      }
+   }
+};
+
+} //namespace JAMA
+
+
+#endif
+// JAMA_EIG_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/jama_lu.h b/lib/include/tnt/jama_lu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e95b433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/jama_lu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+#ifndef JAMA_LU_H
+#define JAMA_LU_H
+
+#include "tnt.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+//for min(), max() below
+
+using namespace TNT;
+using namespace std;
+
+
+// Modification by Willem Jan Palenstijn, 2010-03-11:
+// Use std::min() instead of min()
+
+namespace JAMA
+{
+
+   /** LU Decomposition.
+   <P>
+   For an m-by-n matrix A with m >= n, the LU decomposition is an m-by-n
+   unit lower triangular matrix L, an n-by-n upper triangular matrix U,
+   and a permutation vector piv of length m so that A(piv,:) = L*U.
+   If m < n, then L is m-by-m and U is m-by-n.
+   <P>
+   The LU decompostion with pivoting always exists, even if the matrix is
+   singular, so the constructor will never fail.  The primary use of the
+   LU decomposition is in the solution of square systems of simultaneous
+   linear equations.  This will fail if isNonsingular() returns false.
+   */
+template <class Real>
+class LU
+{
+
+
+
+   /* Array for internal storage of decomposition.  */
+   Array2D<Real>  LU_;
+   int m, n, pivsign; 
+   Array1D<int> piv;
+
+
+   Array2D<Real> permute_copy(const Array2D<Real> &A, 
+   			const Array1D<int> &piv, int j0, int j1)
+	{
+		int piv_length = piv.dim();
+
+		Array2D<Real> X(piv_length, j1-j0+1);
+
+
+         for (int i = 0; i < piv_length; i++) 
+            for (int j = j0; j <= j1; j++) 
+               X[i][j-j0] = A[piv[i]][j];
+
+		return X;
+	}
+
+   Array1D<Real> permute_copy(const Array1D<Real> &A, 
+   		const Array1D<int> &piv)
+	{
+		int piv_length = piv.dim();
+		if (piv_length != A.dim())
+			return Array1D<Real>();
+
+		Array1D<Real> x(piv_length);
+
+
+         for (int i = 0; i < piv_length; i++) 
+               x[i] = A[piv[i]];
+
+		return x;
+	}
+
+
+	public :
+
+   /** LU Decomposition
+   @param  A   Rectangular matrix
+   @return     LU Decomposition object to access L, U and piv.
+   */
+
+    LU (const Array2D<Real> &A) : LU_(A.copy()), m(A.dim1()), n(A.dim2()), 
+		piv(A.dim1())
+	
+	{
+
+   // Use a "left-looking", dot-product, Crout/Doolittle algorithm.
+
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+         piv[i] = i;
+      }
+      pivsign = 1;
+      Real *LUrowi = 0;;
+      Array1D<Real> LUcolj(m);
+
+      // Outer loop.
+
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+
+         // Make a copy of the j-th column to localize references.
+
+         for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+            LUcolj[i] = LU_[i][j];
+         }
+
+         // Apply previous transformations.
+
+         for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+            LUrowi = LU_[i];
+
+            // Most of the time is spent in the following dot product.
+
+            int kmax = std::min(i,j);
+            double s = 0.0;
+            for (int k = 0; k < kmax; k++) {
+               s += LUrowi[k]*LUcolj[k];
+            }
+
+            LUrowi[j] = LUcolj[i] -= s;
+         }
+   
+         // Find pivot and exchange if necessary.
+
+         int p = j;
+         for (int i = j+1; i < m; i++) {
+            if (abs(LUcolj[i]) > abs(LUcolj[p])) {
+               p = i;
+            }
+         }
+         if (p != j) {
+		    int k=0;
+            for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+               double t = LU_[p][k]; 
+			   LU_[p][k] = LU_[j][k]; 
+			   LU_[j][k] = t;
+            }
+            k = piv[p]; 
+			piv[p] = piv[j]; 
+			piv[j] = k;
+            pivsign = -pivsign;
+         }
+
+         // Compute multipliers.
+         
+         if ((j < m) && (LU_[j][j] != 0.0)) {
+            for (int i = j+1; i < m; i++) {
+               LU_[i][j] /= LU_[j][j];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   /** Is the matrix nonsingular?
+   @return     1 (true)  if upper triangular factor U (and hence A) 
+   				is nonsingular, 0 otherwise.
+   */
+
+   int isNonsingular () {
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+         if (LU_[j][j] == 0)
+            return 0;
+      }
+      return 1;
+   }
+
+   /** Return lower triangular factor
+   @return     L
+   */
+
+   Array2D<Real> getL () {
+      Array2D<Real> L_(m,n);
+      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            if (i > j) {
+               L_[i][j] = LU_[i][j];
+            } else if (i == j) {
+               L_[i][j] = 1.0;
+            } else {
+               L_[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return L_;
+   }
+
+   /** Return upper triangular factor
+   @return     U portion of LU factorization.
+   */
+
+   Array2D<Real> getU () {
+   	  Array2D<Real> U_(n,n);
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            if (i <= j) {
+               U_[i][j] = LU_[i][j];
+            } else {
+               U_[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return U_;
+   }
+
+   /** Return pivot permutation vector
+   @return     piv
+   */
+
+   Array1D<int> getPivot () {
+      return piv;
+   }
+
+
+   /** Compute determinant using LU factors.
+   @return     determinant of A, or 0 if A is not square.
+   */
+
+   Real det () {
+      if (m != n) {
+         return Real(0);
+      }
+      Real d = Real(pivsign);
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+         d *= LU_[j][j];
+      }
+      return d;
+   }
+
+   /** Solve A*X = B
+   @param  B   A Matrix with as many rows as A and any number of columns.
+   @return     X so that L*U*X = B(piv,:), if B is nonconformant, returns
+   					0x0 (null) array.
+   */
+
+   Array2D<Real> solve (const Array2D<Real> &B) 
+   {
+
+	  /* Dimensions: A is mxn, X is nxk, B is mxk */
+      
+      if (B.dim1() != m) {
+	  	return Array2D<Real>(0,0);
+      }
+      if (!isNonsingular()) {
+        return Array2D<Real>(0,0);
+      }
+
+      // Copy right hand side with pivoting
+      int nx = B.dim2();
+
+
+	  Array2D<Real> X = permute_copy(B, piv, 0, nx-1);
+
+      // Solve L*Y = B(piv,:)
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+         for (int i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+               X[i][j] -= X[k][j]*LU_[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      // Solve U*X = Y;
+      for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+            X[k][j] /= LU_[k][k];
+         }
+         for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+               X[i][j] -= X[k][j]*LU_[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      return X;
+   }
+
+
+   /** Solve A*x = b, where x and b are vectors of length equal	
+   		to the number of rows in A.
+
+   @param  b   a vector (Array1D> of length equal to the first dimension
+   						of A.
+   @return x a vector (Array1D> so that L*U*x = b(piv), if B is nonconformant,
+   					returns 0x0 (null) array.
+   */
+
+   Array1D<Real> solve (const Array1D<Real> &b) 
+   {
+
+	  /* Dimensions: A is mxn, X is nxk, B is mxk */
+      
+      if (b.dim1() != m) {
+	  	return Array1D<Real>();
+      }
+      if (!isNonsingular()) {
+        return Array1D<Real>();
+      }
+
+
+	  Array1D<Real> x = permute_copy(b, piv);
+
+      // Solve L*Y = B(piv)
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+         for (int i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+               x[i] -= x[k]*LU_[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+      
+	  // Solve U*X = Y;
+      for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+            x[k] /= LU_[k][k];
+      		for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) 
+            	x[i] -= x[k]*LU_[i][k];
+      }
+     
+
+      return x;
+   }
+
+}; /* class LU */
+
+} /* namespace JAMA */
+
+#endif
+/* JAMA_LU_H */
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/jama_qr.h b/lib/include/tnt/jama_qr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98d37f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/jama_qr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+#ifndef JAMA_QR_H
+#define JAMA_QR_H
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d.h"
+#include "tnt_math_utils.h"
+
+namespace JAMA
+{
+
+/** 
+<p>
+	Classical QR Decompisition:
+   for an m-by-n matrix A with m >= n, the QR decomposition is an m-by-n
+   orthogonal matrix Q and an n-by-n upper triangular matrix R so that
+   A = Q*R.
+<P>
+   The QR decompostion always exists, even if the matrix does not have
+   full rank, so the constructor will never fail.  The primary use of the
+   QR decomposition is in the least squares solution of nonsquare systems
+   of simultaneous linear equations.  This will fail if isFullRank()
+   returns 0 (false).
+
+<p>
+	The Q and R factors can be retrived via the getQ() and getR()
+	methods. Furthermore, a solve() method is provided to find the
+	least squares solution of Ax=b using the QR factors.  
+
+   <p>
+	(Adapted from JAMA, a Java Matrix Library, developed by jointly 
+	by the Mathworks and NIST; see  http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama).
+*/
+
+template <class Real>
+class QR {
+
+
+   /** Array for internal storage of decomposition.
+   @serial internal array storage.
+   */
+   
+   TNT::Array2D<Real> QR_;
+
+   /** Row and column dimensions.
+   @serial column dimension.
+   @serial row dimension.
+   */
+   int m, n;
+
+   /** Array for internal storage of diagonal of R.
+   @serial diagonal of R.
+   */
+   TNT::Array1D<Real> Rdiag;
+
+
+public:
+	
+/**
+	Create a QR factorization object for A.
+
+	@param A rectangular (m>=n) matrix.
+*/
+	QR(const TNT::Array2D<Real> &A)		/* constructor */
+	{
+      QR_ = A.copy();
+      m = A.dim1();
+      n = A.dim2();
+      Rdiag = TNT::Array1D<Real>(n);
+	  int i=0, j=0, k=0;
+
+      // Main loop.
+      for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+         // Compute 2-norm of k-th column without under/overflow.
+         Real nrm = 0;
+         for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+            nrm = TNT::hypot(nrm,QR_[i][k]);
+         }
+
+         if (nrm != 0.0) {
+            // Form k-th Householder vector.
+            if (QR_[k][k] < 0) {
+               nrm = -nrm;
+            }
+            for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+               QR_[i][k] /= nrm;
+            }
+            QR_[k][k] += 1.0;
+
+            // Apply transformation to remaining columns.
+            for (j = k+1; j < n; j++) {
+               Real s = 0.0; 
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  s += QR_[i][k]*QR_[i][j];
+               }
+               s = -s/QR_[k][k];
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  QR_[i][j] += s*QR_[i][k];
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         Rdiag[k] = -nrm;
+      }
+   }
+
+
+/**
+	Flag to denote the matrix is of full rank.
+
+	@return 1 if matrix is full rank, 0 otherwise.
+*/
+	int isFullRank() const		
+	{
+      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) 
+	  {
+         if (Rdiag[j] == 0)
+            return 0;
+      }
+      return 1;
+	}
+	
+	
+
+
+   /** 
+   
+   Retreive the Householder vectors from QR factorization
+   @returns lower trapezoidal matrix whose columns define the reflections
+   */
+
+   TNT::Array2D<Real> getHouseholder (void)  const
+   {
+   	  TNT::Array2D<Real> H(m,n);
+
+	  /* note: H is completely filled in by algorithm, so
+	     initializaiton of H is not necessary.
+	  */
+      for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) 
+	  {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) 
+		 {
+            if (i >= j) {
+               H[i][j] = QR_[i][j];
+            } else {
+               H[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+	  return H;
+   }
+
+
+
+   /** Return the upper triangular factor, R, of the QR factorization
+   @return     R
+   */
+
+	TNT::Array2D<Real> getR() const
+	{
+      TNT::Array2D<Real> R(n,n);
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            if (i < j) {
+               R[i][j] = QR_[i][j];
+            } else if (i == j) {
+               R[i][j] = Rdiag[i];
+            } else {
+               R[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+	  return R;
+   }
+	
+	
+
+
+
+   /** 
+   	Generate and return the (economy-sized) orthogonal factor
+   @param     Q the (ecnomy-sized) orthogonal factor (Q*R=A).
+   */
+
+	TNT::Array2D<Real> getQ() const
+	{
+	  int i=0, j=0, k=0;
+
+	  TNT::Array2D<Real> Q(m,n);
+      for (k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+         for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+            Q[i][k] = 0.0;
+         }
+         Q[k][k] = 1.0;
+         for (j = k; j < n; j++) {
+            if (QR_[k][k] != 0) {
+               Real s = 0.0;
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  s += QR_[i][k]*Q[i][j];
+               }
+               s = -s/QR_[k][k];
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  Q[i][j] += s*QR_[i][k];
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+	  return Q;
+   }
+
+
+   /** Least squares solution of A*x = b
+   @param B     m-length array (vector).
+   @return x    n-length array (vector) that minimizes the two norm of Q*R*X-B.
+   		If B is non-conformant, or if QR.isFullRank() is false,
+						the routine returns a null (0-length) vector.
+   */
+
+   TNT::Array1D<Real> solve(const TNT::Array1D<Real> &b) const
+   {
+   	  if (b.dim1() != m)		/* arrays must be conformant */
+	  	return TNT::Array1D<Real>();
+
+	  if ( !isFullRank() )		/* matrix is rank deficient */
+	  {
+	  	return TNT::Array1D<Real>();
+	  }
+
+	  TNT::Array1D<Real> x = b.copy();
+
+      // Compute Y = transpose(Q)*b
+      for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) 
+	  {
+            Real s = 0.0; 
+            for (int i = k; i < m; i++) 
+			{
+               s += QR_[i][k]*x[i];
+            }
+            s = -s/QR_[k][k];
+            for (int i = k; i < m; i++) 
+			{
+               x[i] += s*QR_[i][k];
+            }
+      }
+      // Solve R*X = Y;
+      for (int k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) 
+	  {
+         x[k] /= Rdiag[k];
+         for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+               x[i] -= x[k]*QR_[i][k];
+         }
+      }
+
+
+	  /* return n x nx portion of X */
+	  TNT::Array1D<Real> x_(n);
+	  for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+			x_[i] = x[i];
+
+	  return x_;
+   }
+
+   /** Least squares solution of A*X = B
+   @param B     m x k Array (must conform).
+   @return X     n x k Array that minimizes the two norm of Q*R*X-B. If
+   						B is non-conformant, or if QR.isFullRank() is false,
+						the routine returns a null (0x0) array.
+   */
+
+   TNT::Array2D<Real> solve(const TNT::Array2D<Real> &B) const
+   {
+   	  if (B.dim1() != m)		/* arrays must be conformant */
+	  	return TNT::Array2D<Real>(0,0);
+
+	  if ( !isFullRank() )		/* matrix is rank deficient */
+	  {
+	  	return TNT::Array2D<Real>(0,0);
+	  }
+
+      int nx = B.dim2(); 
+	  TNT::Array2D<Real> X = B.copy();
+	  int i=0, j=0, k=0;
+
+      // Compute Y = transpose(Q)*B
+      for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+         for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+            Real s = 0.0; 
+            for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+               s += QR_[i][k]*X[i][j];
+            }
+            s = -s/QR_[k][k];
+            for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+               X[i][j] += s*QR_[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      // Solve R*X = Y;
+      for (k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+         for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+            X[k][j] /= Rdiag[k];
+         }
+         for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
+            for (j = 0; j < nx; j++) {
+               X[i][j] -= X[k][j]*QR_[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+
+	  /* return n x nx portion of X */
+	  TNT::Array2D<Real> X_(n,nx);
+	  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+	  	for (j=0; j<nx; j++)
+			X_[i][j] = X[i][j];
+
+	  return X_;
+   }
+
+
+};
+
+
+}
+// namespace JAMA
+
+#endif
+// JAMA_QR__H
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/jama_svd.h b/lib/include/tnt/jama_svd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72ce3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/jama_svd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+#ifndef JAMA_SVD_H
+#define JAMA_SVD_H
+
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_array1d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_math_utils.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+// for min(), max() below
+#include <cmath>
+// for abs() below
+
+using namespace TNT;
+using namespace std;
+
+
+// Modification by Willem Jan Palenstijn, 2010-03-11:
+// Use std::min() instead of min(), std::max() instead of max()
+
+
+namespace JAMA
+{
+   /** Singular Value Decomposition.
+   <P>
+   For an m-by-n matrix A with m >= n, the singular value decomposition is
+   an m-by-n orthogonal matrix U, an n-by-n diagonal matrix S, and
+   an n-by-n orthogonal matrix V so that A = U*S*V'.
+   <P>
+   The singular values, sigma[k] = S[k][k], are ordered so that
+   sigma[0] >= sigma[1] >= ... >= sigma[n-1].
+   <P>
+   The singular value decompostion always exists, so the constructor will
+   never fail.  The matrix condition number and the effective numerical
+   rank can be computed from this decomposition.
+
+   <p>
+	(Adapted from JAMA, a Java Matrix Library, developed by jointly 
+	by the Mathworks and NIST; see  http://math.nist.gov/javanumerics/jama).
+   */
+template <class Real>
+class SVD 
+{
+
+
+	Array2D<Real> U, V;
+	Array1D<Real> s;
+	int m, n;
+
+  public:
+
+
+   SVD (const Array2D<Real> &Arg) {
+
+
+      m = Arg.dim1();
+      n = Arg.dim2();
+      int nu = std::min(m,n);
+      s = Array1D<Real>(std::min(m+1,n)); 
+      U = Array2D<Real>(m, nu, Real(0));
+      V = Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+      Array1D<Real> e(n);
+      Array1D<Real> work(m);
+	  Array2D<Real> A(Arg.copy());
+      int wantu = 1;  					/* boolean */
+      int wantv = 1;  					/* boolean */
+	  int i=0, j=0, k=0;
+
+      // Reduce A to bidiagonal form, storing the diagonal elements
+      // in s and the super-diagonal elements in e.
+
+      int nct = std::min(m-1,n);
+      int nrt = std::max(0,std::min(n-2,m));
+      for (k = 0; k < std::max(nct,nrt); k++) {
+         if (k < nct) {
+
+            // Compute the transformation for the k-th column and
+            // place the k-th diagonal in s[k].
+            // Compute 2-norm of k-th column without under/overflow.
+            s[k] = 0;
+            for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+               s[k] = hypot(s[k],A[i][k]);
+            }
+            if (s[k] != 0.0) {
+               if (A[k][k] < 0.0) {
+                  s[k] = -s[k];
+               }
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  A[i][k] /= s[k];
+               }
+               A[k][k] += 1.0;
+            }
+            s[k] = -s[k];
+         }
+         for (j = k+1; j < n; j++) {
+            if ((k < nct) && (s[k] != 0.0))  {
+
+            // Apply the transformation.
+
+               Real t(0.0);
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  t += A[i][k]*A[i][j];
+               }
+               t = -t/A[k][k];
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                  A[i][j] += t*A[i][k];
+               }
+            }
+
+            // Place the k-th row of A into e for the
+            // subsequent calculation of the row transformation.
+
+            e[j] = A[k][j];
+         }
+         if (wantu & (k < nct)) {
+
+            // Place the transformation in U for subsequent back
+            // multiplication.
+
+            for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+               U[i][k] = A[i][k];
+            }
+         }
+         if (k < nrt) {
+
+            // Compute the k-th row transformation and place the
+            // k-th super-diagonal in e[k].
+            // Compute 2-norm without under/overflow.
+            e[k] = 0;
+            for (i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+               e[k] = hypot(e[k],e[i]);
+            }
+            if (e[k] != 0.0) {
+               if (e[k+1] < 0.0) {
+                  e[k] = -e[k];
+               }
+               for (i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+                  e[i] /= e[k];
+               }
+               e[k+1] += 1.0;
+            }
+            e[k] = -e[k];
+            if ((k+1 < m) & (e[k] != 0.0)) {
+
+            // Apply the transformation.
+
+               for (i = k+1; i < m; i++) {
+                  work[i] = 0.0;
+               }
+               for (j = k+1; j < n; j++) {
+                  for (i = k+1; i < m; i++) {
+                     work[i] += e[j]*A[i][j];
+                  }
+               }
+               for (j = k+1; j < n; j++) {
+                  Real t(-e[j]/e[k+1]);
+                  for (i = k+1; i < m; i++) {
+                     A[i][j] += t*work[i];
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            if (wantv) {
+
+            // Place the transformation in V for subsequent
+            // back multiplication.
+
+               for (i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+                  V[i][k] = e[i];
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      // Set up the final bidiagonal matrix or order p.
+
+      int p = std::min(n,m+1);
+      if (nct < n) {
+         s[nct] = A[nct][nct];
+      }
+      if (m < p) {
+         s[p-1] = 0.0;
+      }
+      if (nrt+1 < p) {
+         e[nrt] = A[nrt][p-1];
+      }
+      e[p-1] = 0.0;
+
+      // If required, generate U.
+
+      if (wantu) {
+         for (j = nct; j < nu; j++) {
+            for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+               U[i][j] = 0.0;
+            }
+            U[j][j] = 1.0;
+         }
+         for (k = nct-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+            if (s[k] != 0.0) {
+               for (j = k+1; j < nu; j++) {
+                  Real t(0.0);
+                  for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                     t += U[i][k]*U[i][j];
+                  }
+                  t = -t/U[k][k];
+                  for (i = k; i < m; i++) {
+                     U[i][j] += t*U[i][k];
+                  }
+               }
+               for (i = k; i < m; i++ ) {
+                  U[i][k] = -U[i][k];
+               }
+               U[k][k] = 1.0 + U[k][k];
+               for (i = 0; i < k-1; i++) {
+                  U[i][k] = 0.0;
+               }
+            } else {
+               for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+                  U[i][k] = 0.0;
+               }
+               U[k][k] = 1.0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      // If required, generate V.
+
+      if (wantv) {
+         for (k = n-1; k >= 0; k--) {
+            if ((k < nrt) & (e[k] != 0.0)) {
+               for (j = k+1; j < nu; j++) {
+                  Real t(0.0);
+                  for (i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+                     t += V[i][k]*V[i][j];
+                  }
+                  t = -t/V[k+1][k];
+                  for (i = k+1; i < n; i++) {
+                     V[i][j] += t*V[i][k];
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               V[i][k] = 0.0;
+            }
+            V[k][k] = 1.0;
+         }
+      }
+
+      // Main iteration loop for the singular values.
+
+      int pp = p-1;
+      int iter = 0;
+      Real eps(pow(2.0,-52.0));
+      while (p > 0) {
+         int k=0;
+		 int kase=0;
+
+         // Here is where a test for too many iterations would go.
+
+         // This section of the program inspects for
+         // negligible elements in the s and e arrays.  On
+         // completion the variables kase and k are set as follows.
+
+         // kase = 1     if s(p) and e[k-1] are negligible and k<p
+         // kase = 2     if s(k) is negligible and k<p
+         // kase = 3     if e[k-1] is negligible, k<p, and
+         //              s(k), ..., s(p) are not negligible (qr step).
+         // kase = 4     if e(p-1) is negligible (convergence).
+
+         for (k = p-2; k >= -1; k--) {
+            if (k == -1) {
+               break;
+            }
+            if (abs(e[k]) <= eps*(abs(s[k]) + abs(s[k+1]))) {
+               e[k] = 0.0;
+               break;
+            }
+         }
+         if (k == p-2) {
+            kase = 4;
+         } else {
+            int ks;
+            for (ks = p-1; ks >= k; ks--) {
+               if (ks == k) {
+                  break;
+               }
+               Real t( (ks != p ? abs(e[ks]) : 0.) + 
+                          (ks != k+1 ? abs(e[ks-1]) : 0.));
+               if (abs(s[ks]) <= eps*t)  {
+                  s[ks] = 0.0;
+                  break;
+               }
+            }
+            if (ks == k) {
+               kase = 3;
+            } else if (ks == p-1) {
+               kase = 1;
+            } else {
+               kase = 2;
+               k = ks;
+            }
+         }
+         k++;
+
+         // Perform the task indicated by kase.
+
+         switch (kase) {
+
+            // Deflate negligible s(p).
+
+            case 1: {
+               Real f(e[p-2]);
+               e[p-2] = 0.0;
+               for (j = p-2; j >= k; j--) {
+                  Real t( hypot(s[j],f));
+                  Real cs(s[j]/t);
+                  Real sn(f/t);
+                  s[j] = t;
+                  if (j != k) {
+                     f = -sn*e[j-1];
+                     e[j-1] = cs*e[j-1];
+                  }
+                  if (wantv) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        t = cs*V[i][j] + sn*V[i][p-1];
+                        V[i][p-1] = -sn*V[i][j] + cs*V[i][p-1];
+                        V[i][j] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            break;
+
+            // Split at negligible s(k).
+
+            case 2: {
+               Real f(e[k-1]);
+               e[k-1] = 0.0;
+               for (j = k; j < p; j++) {
+                  Real t(hypot(s[j],f));
+                  Real cs( s[j]/t);
+                  Real sn(f/t);
+                  s[j] = t;
+                  f = -sn*e[j];
+                  e[j] = cs*e[j];
+                  if (wantu) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+                        t = cs*U[i][j] + sn*U[i][k-1];
+                        U[i][k-1] = -sn*U[i][j] + cs*U[i][k-1];
+                        U[i][j] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            break;
+
+            // Perform one qr step.
+
+            case 3: {
+
+               // Calculate the shift.
+   
+               Real scale = std::max(std::max(std::max(std::max(
+                       abs(s[p-1]),abs(s[p-2])),abs(e[p-2])), 
+                       abs(s[k])),abs(e[k]));
+               Real sp = s[p-1]/scale;
+               Real spm1 = s[p-2]/scale;
+               Real epm1 = e[p-2]/scale;
+               Real sk = s[k]/scale;
+               Real ek = e[k]/scale;
+               Real b = ((spm1 + sp)*(spm1 - sp) + epm1*epm1)/2.0;
+               Real c = (sp*epm1)*(sp*epm1);
+               Real shift = 0.0;
+               if ((b != 0.0) || (c != 0.0)) {
+                  shift = sqrt(b*b + c);
+                  if (b < 0.0) {
+                     shift = -shift;
+                  }
+                  shift = c/(b + shift);
+               }
+               Real f = (sk + sp)*(sk - sp) + shift;
+               Real g = sk*ek;
+   
+               // Chase zeros.
+   
+               for (j = k; j < p-1; j++) {
+                  Real t = hypot(f,g);
+                  Real cs = f/t;
+                  Real sn = g/t;
+                  if (j != k) {
+                     e[j-1] = t;
+                  }
+                  f = cs*s[j] + sn*e[j];
+                  e[j] = cs*e[j] - sn*s[j];
+                  g = sn*s[j+1];
+                  s[j+1] = cs*s[j+1];
+                  if (wantv) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        t = cs*V[i][j] + sn*V[i][j+1];
+                        V[i][j+1] = -sn*V[i][j] + cs*V[i][j+1];
+                        V[i][j] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+                  t = hypot(f,g);
+                  cs = f/t;
+                  sn = g/t;
+                  s[j] = t;
+                  f = cs*e[j] + sn*s[j+1];
+                  s[j+1] = -sn*e[j] + cs*s[j+1];
+                  g = sn*e[j+1];
+                  e[j+1] = cs*e[j+1];
+                  if (wantu && (j < m-1)) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+                        t = cs*U[i][j] + sn*U[i][j+1];
+                        U[i][j+1] = -sn*U[i][j] + cs*U[i][j+1];
+                        U[i][j] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+               e[p-2] = f;
+               iter = iter + 1;
+            }
+            break;
+
+            // Convergence.
+
+            case 4: {
+
+               // Make the singular values positive.
+   
+               if (s[k] <= 0.0) {
+                  s[k] = (s[k] < 0.0 ? -s[k] : 0.0);
+                  if (wantv) {
+                     for (i = 0; i <= pp; i++) {
+                        V[i][k] = -V[i][k];
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+   
+               // Order the singular values.
+   
+               while (k < pp) {
+                  if (s[k] >= s[k+1]) {
+                     break;
+                  }
+                  Real t = s[k];
+                  s[k] = s[k+1];
+                  s[k+1] = t;
+                  if (wantv && (k < n-1)) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        t = V[i][k+1]; V[i][k+1] = V[i][k]; V[i][k] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+                  if (wantu && (k < m-1)) {
+                     for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
+                        t = U[i][k+1]; U[i][k+1] = U[i][k]; U[i][k] = t;
+                     }
+                  }
+                  k++;
+               }
+               iter = 0;
+               p--;
+            }
+            break;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+
+   void getU (Array2D<Real> &A) 
+   {
+   	  int minm = std::min(m+1,n);
+
+	  A = Array2D<Real>(m, minm);
+
+	  for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+	  	for (int j=0; j<minm; j++)
+			A[i][j] = U[i][j];
+   	
+   }
+
+   /* Return the right singular vectors */
+
+   void getV (Array2D<Real> &A) 
+   {
+   	  A = V;
+   }
+
+   /** Return the one-dimensional array of singular values */
+
+   void getSingularValues (Array1D<Real> &x) 
+   {
+      x = s;
+   }
+
+   /** Return the diagonal matrix of singular values
+   @return     S
+   */
+
+   void getS (Array2D<Real> &A) {
+   	  A = Array2D<Real>(n,n);
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            A[i][j] = 0.0;
+         }
+         A[i][i] = s[i];
+      }
+   }
+
+   /** Two norm  (max(S)) */
+
+   Real norm2 () {
+      return s[0];
+   }
+
+   /** Two norm of condition number (max(S)/min(S)) */
+
+   Real cond () {
+      return s[0]/s[std::min(m,n)-1];
+   }
+
+   /** Effective numerical matrix rank
+   @return     Number of nonnegligible singular values.
+   */
+
+   int rank () 
+   {
+      Real eps = pow(2.0,-52.0);
+      Real tol = std::max(m,n)*s[0]*eps;
+      int r = 0;
+      for (int i = 0; i < s.dim(); i++) {
+         if (s[i] > tol) {
+            r++;
+         }
+      }
+      return r;
+   }
+};
+
+}
+#endif
+// JAMA_SVD_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92463e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT): Linear Algebra Module
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_H
+#define TNT_H
+
+
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Define this macro if you want  TNT to track some of the out-of-bounds
+// indexing. This can encur a small run-time overhead, but is recommended 
+// while developing code.  It can be turned off for production runs.
+// 
+//       #define TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+
+//#define TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+
+
+
+#include "tnt_version.h"
+#include "tnt_math_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d.h"
+#include "tnt_array3d.h"
+#include "tnt_array1d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_array3d_utils.h"
+
+#include "tnt_fortran_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_fortran_array2d.h"
+#include "tnt_fortran_array3d.h"
+#include "tnt_fortran_array1d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_fortran_array2d_utils.h"
+#include "tnt_fortran_array3d_utils.h"
+
+#include "tnt_sparse_matrix_csr.h"
+
+#include "tnt_stopwatch.h"
+#include "tnt_subscript.h"
+#include "tnt_vec.h"
+#include "tnt_cmat.h"
+
+
+#endif
+// TNT_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..858df57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY1D_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY1D_H
+
+//#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#include "tnt_i_refvec.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Array1D 
+{
+
+  private:
+
+	  /* ... */
+    i_refvec<T> v_;
+    int n_;
+    T* data_;				/* this normally points to v_.begin(), but
+                             * could also point to a portion (subvector)
+							 * of v_.
+                            */
+
+    void copy_(T* p, const T*  q, int len) const;
+    void set_(T* begin,  T* end, const T& val);
+ 
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+
+
+	         Array1D();
+	explicit Array1D(int n);
+	         Array1D(int n, const T &a);
+	         Array1D(int n,  T *a);
+    inline   Array1D(const Array1D &A);
+	inline   operator T*();
+	inline   operator const T*();
+	inline   Array1D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline   Array1D & operator=(const Array1D &A);
+	inline   Array1D & ref(const Array1D &A);
+	         Array1D copy() const;
+		     Array1D & inject(const Array1D & A);
+	inline   T& operator[](int i);
+	inline   const T& operator[](int i) const;
+	inline 	 int dim1() const;
+	inline   int dim() const;
+              ~Array1D();
+
+
+	/* ... extended interface ... */
+
+	inline int ref_count() const;
+	inline Array1D<T> subarray(int i0, int i1);
+
+};
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::Array1D() : v_(), n_(0), data_(0) {}
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::Array1D(const Array1D<T> &A) : v_(A.v_),  n_(A.n_), 
+		data_(A.data_)
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Array1D(const Array1D<T> &A) \n";
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::Array1D(int n) : v_(n), n_(n), data_(v_.begin())
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Array1D(int n) \n";
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::Array1D(int n, const T &val) : v_(n), n_(n), data_(v_.begin()) 
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Array1D(int n, const T& val) \n";
+#endif
+	set_(data_, data_+ n, val);
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::Array1D(int n, T *a) : v_(a), n_(n) , data_(v_.begin())
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Array1D(int n, T* a) \n";
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array1D<T>::operator T*()
+{
+	return &(v_[0]);
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array1D<T>::operator const T*()
+{
+	return &(v_[0]);
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline T& Array1D<T>::operator[](int i) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i>= 0);
+	assert(i < n_);
+#endif
+	return data_[i]; 
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T& Array1D<T>::operator[](int i) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i>= 0);
+	assert(i < n_);
+#endif
+	return data_[i]; 
+}
+
+
+	
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> & Array1D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+	set_(data_, data_+n_, a);
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> Array1D<T>::copy() const
+{
+	Array1D A( n_);
+	copy_(A.data_, data_, n_);
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> & Array1D<T>::inject(const Array1D &A)
+{
+	if (A.n_ == n_)
+		copy_(data_, A.data_, n_);
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> & Array1D<T>::ref(const Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		v_ = A.v_;		/* operator= handles the reference counting. */
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		data_ = A.data_; 
+		
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> & Array1D<T>::operator=(const Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array1D<T>::dim1() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array1D<T>::dim() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>::~Array1D() {}
+
+
+/* ............................ exented interface ......................*/
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array1D<T>::ref_count() const
+{
+	return v_.ref_count();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array1D<T> Array1D<T>::subarray(int i0, int i1)
+{
+	if ((i0 > 0) && (i1 < n_) || (i0 <= i1))
+	{
+		Array1D<T> X(*this);  /* create a new instance of this array. */
+		X.n_ = i1-i0+1;
+		X.data_ += i0;
+
+		return X;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return Array1D<T>();
+	}
+}
+
+
+/* private internal functions */
+
+
+template <class T>
+void Array1D<T>::set_(T* begin, T* end, const T& a)
+{
+	for (T* p=begin; p<end; p++)
+		*p = a;
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void Array1D<T>::copy_(T* p, const T* q, int len) const
+{
+	T *end = p + len;
+	while (p<end )
+		*p++ = *q++;
+
+}
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_ARRAY1D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..683e0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array1d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY1D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY1D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+    int N=A.dim1();
+
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	s << "addr: " << (void *) &A[0] << "\n";
+#endif
+    s << N << "\n";
+    for (int j=0; j<N; j++)
+    {
+       s << A[j] << "\n";
+    }
+    s << "\n";
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	int N;
+	s >> N;
+
+	Array1D<T> B(N);
+	for (int i=0; i<N; i++)
+		s >> B[i];
+	A = B;
+	return s;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> operator+(const Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+			C[i] = A[i] + B[i];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> operator-(const Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+			C[i] = A[i] - B[i];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> operator*(const Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+			C[i] = A[i] * B[i];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T> operator/(const Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+			C[i] = A[i] / B[i];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>&  operator+=(Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+				A[i] += B[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>&  operator-=(Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+				A[i] -= B[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>&  operator*=(Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+				A[i] *= B[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array1D<T>&  operator/=(Array1D<T> &A, const Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
+		{
+				A[i] /= B[i];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c791575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY2D_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY2D_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Array2D 
+{
+
+
+  private:
+
+
+
+  	Array1D<T> data_;
+	Array1D<T*> v_;
+	int m_;
+    int n_;
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+	       Array2D();
+	       Array2D(int m, int n);
+	       Array2D(int m, int n,  T *a);
+	       Array2D(int m, int n, const T &a);
+    inline Array2D(const Array2D &A);
+	inline operator T**();
+	inline operator const T**();
+	inline Array2D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline Array2D & operator=(const Array2D &A);
+	inline Array2D & ref(const Array2D &A);
+	       Array2D copy() const;
+		   Array2D & inject(const Array2D & A);
+	inline T* operator[](int i);
+	inline const T* operator[](int i) const;
+	inline int dim1() const;
+	inline int dim2() const;
+     ~Array2D();
+
+	/* extended interface (not part of the standard) */
+
+
+	inline int ref_count();
+	inline int ref_count_data();
+	inline int ref_count_dim1();
+	Array2D subarray(int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1);
+
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::Array2D() : data_(), v_(), m_(0), n_(0) {} 
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::Array2D(const Array2D<T> &A) : data_(A.data_), v_(A.v_), 
+	m_(A.m_), n_(A.n_) {}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::Array2D(int m, int n) : data_(m*n), v_(m), m_(m), n_(n)
+{
+	if (m>0 && n>0)
+	{
+		T* p = &(data_[0]);
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			v_[i] = p;
+			p += n;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::Array2D(int m, int n, const T &val) : data_(m*n), v_(m), 
+													m_(m), n_(n) 
+{
+  if (m>0 && n>0)
+  {
+	data_ = val;
+	T* p  = &(data_[0]);
+	for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+	{
+			v_[i] = p;
+			p += n;
+	}
+  }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::Array2D(int m, int n, T *a) : data_(m*n, a), v_(m), m_(m), n_(n)
+{
+  if (m>0 && n>0)
+  {
+	T* p = &(data_[0]);
+	
+	for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+	{
+			v_[i] = p;
+			p += n;
+	}
+  }
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline T* Array2D<T>::operator[](int i) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 0);
+	assert(i < m_);
+#endif
+
+return v_[i]; 
+
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T* Array2D<T>::operator[](int i) const
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 0);
+	assert(i < m_);
+#endif
+
+return v_[i]; 
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> & Array2D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+	/* non-optimzied, but will work with subarrays in future verions */
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+		v_[i][j] = a;
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> Array2D<T>::copy() const
+{
+	Array2D A(m_, n_);
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+			A[i][j] = v_[i][j];
+
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> & Array2D<T>::inject(const Array2D &A)
+{
+	if (A.m_ == m_ &&  A.n_ == n_)
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+				v_[i][j] = A[i][j];
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> & Array2D<T>::ref(const Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		v_ = A.v_;
+		data_ = A.data_;
+		m_ = A.m_;
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> & Array2D<T>::operator=(const Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array2D<T>::dim1() const { return m_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array2D<T>::dim2() const { return n_; }
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>::~Array2D() {}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array2D<T>::operator T**()
+{
+	return &(v_[0]);
+}
+template <class T>
+inline Array2D<T>::operator const T**()
+{
+	return &(v_[0]);
+}
+
+/* ............... extended interface ............... */
+/**
+	Create a new view to a subarray defined by the boundaries
+	[i0][i0] and [i1][j1].  The size of the subarray is
+	(i1-i0) by (j1-j0).  If either of these lengths are zero
+	or negative, the subarray view is null.
+
+*/
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> Array2D<T>::subarray(int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1) 
+{
+	Array2D<T> A;
+	int m = i1-i0+1;
+	int n = j1-j0+1;
+
+	/* if either length is zero or negative, this is an invalide
+		subarray. return a null view.
+	*/
+	if (m<1 || n<1)
+		return A;
+
+	A.data_ = data_;
+	A.m_ = m;
+	A.n_ = n;
+	A.v_ = Array1D<T*>(m);
+	T* p = &(data_[0]) + i0 *  n_ + j0;
+	for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+	{
+		A.v_[i] = p + i*n_;
+
+	}	
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array2D<T>::ref_count()
+{
+	return ref_count_data();
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array2D<T>::ref_count_data()
+{
+	return data_.ref_count();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array2D<T>::ref_count_dim1()
+{
+	return v_.ref_count();
+}
+
+
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_ARRAY2D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7041ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array2d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY2D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY2D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+    int M=A.dim1();
+    int N=A.dim2();
+
+    s << M << " " << N << "\n";
+
+    for (int i=0; i<M; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+            s << A[i][j] << " ";
+        }
+        s << "\n";
+    }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+
+    int M, N;
+
+    s >> M >> N;
+
+	Array2D<T> B(M,N);
+
+    for (int i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (int j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+            s >>  B[i][j];
+        }
+
+	A = B;
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> operator+(const Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> operator-(const Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> operator*(const Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				C[i][j] = A[i][j] * B[i][j];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> operator/(const Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				C[i][j] = A[i][j] / B[i][j];
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>&  operator+=(Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				A[i][j] += B[i][j];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>&  operator-=(Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				A[i][j] -= B[i][j];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>&  operator*=(Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				A[i][j] *= B[i][j];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T>&  operator/=(Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				A[i][j] /= B[i][j];
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+/**
+    Matrix Multiply:  compute C = A*B, where C[i][j]
+    is the dot-product of row i of A and column j of B.
+
+
+    @param A an (m x n) array
+    @param B an (n x k) array
+    @return the (m x k) array A*B, or a null array (0x0)
+        if the matrices are non-conformant (i.e. the number
+        of columns of A are different than the number of rows of B.)
+
+
+*/
+template <class T>
+Array2D<T> matmult(const Array2D<T> &A, const Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+    if (A.dim2() != B.dim1())
+        return Array2D<T>();
+
+    int M = A.dim1();
+    int N = A.dim2();
+    int K = B.dim2();
+
+    Array2D<T> C(M,K);
+
+    for (int i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (int j=0; j<K; j++)
+        {
+            T sum = 0;
+
+            for (int k=0; k<N; k++)
+                sum += A[i][k] * B [k][j];
+
+            C[i][j] = sum;
+        }
+
+    return C;
+
+}
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c210d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY3D_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY3D_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+#include "tnt_array2d.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Array3D 
+{
+
+
+  private:
+  	Array1D<T> data_;
+	Array2D<T*> v_;
+	int m_;
+    int n_;
+	int g_;
+
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+
+	       Array3D();
+	       Array3D(int m, int n, int g);
+	       Array3D(int m, int n, int g,  T val);
+	       Array3D(int m, int n, int g, T *a);
+
+	inline operator T***();
+	inline operator const T***();
+    inline Array3D(const Array3D &A);
+	inline Array3D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline Array3D & operator=(const Array3D &A);
+	inline Array3D & ref(const Array3D &A);
+	       Array3D copy() const;
+		   Array3D & inject(const Array3D & A);
+
+	inline T** operator[](int i);
+	inline const T* const * operator[](int i) const;
+	inline int dim1() const;
+	inline int dim2() const;
+	inline int dim3() const;
+               ~Array3D();
+
+	/* extended interface */
+
+	inline int ref_count(){ return data_.ref_count(); }
+   Array3D subarray(int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1, 
+		   		int k0, int k1);
+};
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::Array3D() : data_(), v_(), m_(0), n_(0) {}
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::Array3D(const Array3D<T> &A) : data_(A.data_), 
+	v_(A.v_), m_(A.m_), n_(A.n_), g_(A.g_)
+{
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::Array3D(int m, int n, int g) : data_(m*n*g), v_(m,n),
+	m_(m), n_(n), g_(g)
+{
+
+  if (m>0 && n>0 && g>0)
+  {
+	T* p = & (data_[0]);
+	int ng = n_*g_;
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+	{	
+		T* ping = p+ i*ng;
+		for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+			v_[i][j] = ping + j*g_;
+	}
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::Array3D(int m, int n, int g, T val) : data_(m*n*g, val), 
+	v_(m,n), m_(m), n_(n), g_(g)
+{
+  if (m>0 && n>0 && g>0)
+  {
+
+	T* p = & (data_[0]);
+	int ng = n_*g_;
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+	{	
+		T* ping = p+ i*ng;
+		for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+			v_[i][j] = ping + j*g_;
+	}
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::Array3D(int m, int n, int g, T* a) : 
+		data_(m*n*g, a), v_(m,n), m_(m), n_(n), g_(g)
+{
+
+  if (m>0 && n>0 && g>0)
+  {
+	T* p = & (data_[0]);
+	int ng = n_*g_;
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+	{	
+		T* ping = p+ i*ng;
+		for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+			v_[i][j] = ping + j*g_;
+	}
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline T** Array3D<T>::operator[](int i) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 0);
+	assert(i < m_);
+#endif
+
+return v_[i]; 
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T* const * Array3D<T>::operator[](int i) const 
+{ return v_[i]; }
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> & Array3D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+			for (int k=0; k<g_; k++)
+				v_[i][j][k] = a;
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> Array3D<T>::copy() const
+{
+	Array3D A(m_, n_, g_);
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+			for (int k=0; k<g_; k++)
+				A.v_[i][j][k] = v_[i][j][k];
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> & Array3D<T>::inject(const Array3D &A)
+{
+	if (A.m_ == m_ &&  A.n_ == n_ && A.g_ == g_)
+
+	for (int i=0; i<m_; i++)
+		for (int j=0; j<n_; j++)
+			for (int k=0; k<g_; k++)
+				v_[i][j][k] = A.v_[i][j][k];
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> & Array3D<T>::ref(const Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		m_ = A.m_;
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		g_ = A.g_;
+		v_ = A.v_;
+		data_ = A.data_;
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> & Array3D<T>::operator=(const Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array3D<T>::dim1() const { return m_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array3D<T>::dim2() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Array3D<T>::dim3() const { return g_; }
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>::~Array3D() {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array3D<T>::operator T***()
+{
+	return v_;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline Array3D<T>::operator const T***()
+{
+	return v_;
+}
+
+/* extended interface */
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> Array3D<T>::subarray(int i0, int i1, int j0,
+	int j1, int k0, int k1)
+{
+
+	/* check that ranges are valid. */
+	if (!( 0 <= i0 && i0 <= i1 && i1 < m_ &&
+	      0 <= j0 && j0 <= j1 && j1 < n_ &&
+	      0 <= k0 && k0 <= k1 && k1 < g_))
+		return Array3D<T>();  /* null array */
+
+
+	Array3D<T> A;
+	A.data_ = data_;
+	A.m_ = i1-i0+1;
+	A.n_ = j1-j0+1;
+	A.g_ = k1-k0+1;
+	A.v_ = Array2D<T*>(A.m_,A.n_);
+	T* p = &(data_[0]) + i0*n_*g_ + j0*g_ + k0; 
+
+	for (int i=0; i<A.m_; i++)
+	{
+		T* ping = p + i*n_*g_;
+		for (int j=0; j<A.n_; j++)
+			A.v_[i][j] = ping + j*g_ ;
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+	
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_ARRAY3D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5acdc1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_array3d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_ARRAY3D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_ARRAY3D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+    int M=A.dim1();
+    int N=A.dim2();
+    int K=A.dim3();
+
+    s << M << " " << N << " " << K << "\n";
+
+    for (int i=0; i<M; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+			for (int k=0; k<K; k++)
+            	s << A[i][j][k] << " ";
+			s << "\n";
+        }
+        s << "\n";
+    }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+
+    int M, N, K;
+
+    s >> M >> N >> K;
+
+	Array3D<T> B(M,N,K);
+
+    for (int i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (int j=0; j<N; j++)
+			for (int k=0; k<K; k++)
+            	s >>  B[i][j][k];
+
+	A = B;
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> operator+(const Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+				C[i][j][k] = A[i][j][k] + B[i][j][k];
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> operator-(const Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+				C[i][j][k] = A[i][j][k] - B[i][j][k];
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> operator*(const Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+				C[i][j][k] = A[i][j][k] * B[i][j][k];
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T> operator/(const Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+				C[i][j][k] = A[i][j][k] / B[i][j][k];
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>& operator+=(Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+					A[i][j][k] += B[i][j][k];
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>& operator-=(Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+					A[i][j][k] -= B[i][j][k];
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>& operator*=(Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+					A[i][j][k] *= B[i][j][k];
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Array3D<T>& operator/=(Array3D<T> &A, const Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=0; i<m; i++)
+			for (int j=0; j<n; j++)
+				for (int k=0; k<p; k++)
+					A[i][j][k] /= B[i][j][k];
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_cmat.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_cmat.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff4c48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_cmat.h
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+// C compatible matrix: row-oriented, 0-based [i][j] and 1-based (i,j) indexing
+//
+
+#ifndef TNT_CMAT_H
+#define TNT_CMAT_H
+
+#include "tnt_subscript.h"
+#include "tnt_vec.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+class Matrix 
+{
+
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef Subscript   size_type;
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+    typedef         T   element_type;
+    typedef         T*  pointer;
+    typedef         T*  iterator;
+    typedef         T&  reference;
+    typedef const   T*  const_iterator;
+    typedef const   T&  const_reference;
+
+    Subscript lbound() const { return 1;}
+ 
+  protected:
+    Subscript m_;
+    Subscript n_;
+    Subscript mn_;      // total size
+    T* v_;                  
+    T** row_;           
+    T* vm1_ ;       // these point to the same data, but are 1-based 
+    T** rowm1_;
+
+    // internal helper function to create the array
+    // of row pointers
+
+    void initialize(Subscript M, Subscript N)
+    {
+        mn_ = M*N;
+        m_ = M;
+        n_ = N;
+
+        v_ = new T[mn_]; 
+        row_ = new T*[M];
+        rowm1_ = new T*[M];
+
+        assert(v_  != NULL);
+        assert(row_  != NULL);
+        assert(rowm1_ != NULL);
+
+        T* p = v_;              
+        vm1_ = v_ - 1;
+        for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+        {
+            row_[i] = p;
+            rowm1_[i] = p-1;
+            p += N ;
+            
+        }
+
+        rowm1_ -- ;     // compensate for 1-based offset
+    }
+   
+    void copy(const T*  v)
+    {
+        Subscript N = m_ * n_;
+        Subscript i;
+
+#ifdef TNT_UNROLL_LOOPS
+        Subscript Nmod4 = N & 3;
+        Subscript N4 = N - Nmod4;
+
+        for (i=0; i<N4; i+=4)
+        {
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+            v_[i+1] = v[i+1];
+            v_[i+2] = v[i+2];
+            v_[i+3] = v[i+3];
+        }
+
+        for (i=N4; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+#else
+
+        for (i=0; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+#endif      
+    }
+
+    void set(const T& val)
+    {
+        Subscript N = m_ * n_;
+        Subscript i;
+
+#ifdef TNT_UNROLL_LOOPS
+        Subscript Nmod4 = N & 3;
+        Subscript N4 = N - Nmod4;
+
+        for (i=0; i<N4; i+=4)
+        {
+            v_[i] = val;
+            v_[i+1] = val;
+            v_[i+2] = val;
+            v_[i+3] = val; 
+        }
+
+        for (i=N4; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = val;
+#else
+
+        for (i=0; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = val;
+        
+#endif      
+    }
+    
+
+    
+    void destroy()
+    {     
+        /* do nothing, if no memory has been previously allocated */
+        if (v_ == NULL) return ;
+
+        /* if we are here, then matrix was previously allocated */
+        if (v_ != NULL) delete [] (v_);     
+        if (row_ != NULL) delete [] (row_);
+
+        /* return rowm1_ back to original value */
+        rowm1_ ++;
+        if (rowm1_ != NULL ) delete [] (rowm1_);
+    }
+
+
+  public:
+
+    operator T**(){ return  row_; }
+    operator T**() const { return row_; }
+
+
+    Subscript size() const { return mn_; }
+
+    // constructors
+
+    Matrix() : m_(0), n_(0), mn_(0), v_(0), row_(0), vm1_(0), rowm1_(0) {};
+
+    Matrix(const Matrix<T> &A)
+    {
+        initialize(A.m_, A.n_);
+        copy(A.v_);
+    }
+
+    Matrix(Subscript M, Subscript N, const T& value = T())
+    {
+        initialize(M,N);
+        set(value);
+    }
+
+    Matrix(Subscript M, Subscript N, const T* v)
+    {
+        initialize(M,N);
+        copy(v);
+    }
+
+    Matrix(Subscript M, Subscript N, const char *s)
+    {
+        initialize(M,N);
+        //std::istrstream ins(s);
+        std::istringstream ins(s);
+
+        Subscript i, j;
+
+        for (i=0; i<M; i++)
+            for (j=0; j<N; j++)
+                ins >> row_[i][j];
+    }
+
+    // destructor
+    //
+    ~Matrix()
+    {
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+
+    // reallocating
+    //
+    Matrix<T>& newsize(Subscript M, Subscript N)
+    {
+        if (num_rows() == M && num_cols() == N)
+            return *this;
+
+        destroy();
+        initialize(M,N);
+        
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    // assignments
+    //
+    Matrix<T>& operator=(const Matrix<T> &A)
+    {
+        if (v_ == A.v_)
+            return *this;
+
+        if (m_ == A.m_  && n_ == A.n_)      // no need to re-alloc
+            copy(A.v_);
+
+        else
+        {
+            destroy();
+            initialize(A.m_, A.n_);
+            copy(A.v_);
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+        
+    Matrix<T>& operator=(const T& scalar)
+    { 
+        set(scalar); 
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    Subscript dim(Subscript d) const 
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert( d >= 1);
+        assert( d <= 2);
+#endif
+        return (d==1) ? m_ : ((d==2) ? n_ : 0); 
+    }
+
+    Subscript num_rows() const { return m_; }
+    Subscript num_cols() const { return n_; }
+
+
+
+
+    inline T* operator[](Subscript i)
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(0<=i);
+        assert(i < m_) ;
+#endif
+        return row_[i];
+    }
+
+    inline const T* operator[](Subscript i) const
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(0<=i);
+        assert(i < m_) ;
+#endif
+        return row_[i];
+    }
+
+    inline reference operator()(Subscript i)
+    { 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= mn_) ;
+#endif
+        return vm1_[i]; 
+    }
+
+    inline const_reference operator()(Subscript i) const
+    { 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= mn_) ;
+#endif
+        return vm1_[i]; 
+    }
+
+
+
+    inline reference operator()(Subscript i, Subscript j)
+    { 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= m_) ;
+        assert(1<=j);
+        assert(j <= n_);
+#endif
+        return  rowm1_[i][j]; 
+    }
+
+
+    
+    inline const_reference operator() (Subscript i, Subscript j) const
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= m_) ;
+        assert(1<=j);
+        assert(j <= n_);
+#endif
+        return rowm1_[i][j]; 
+    }
+
+
+
+
+};
+
+
+/* ***************************  I/O  ********************************/
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Matrix<T> &A)
+{
+    Subscript M=A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N=A.num_cols();
+
+    s << M << " " << N << "\n";
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+    {
+        for (Subscript j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+            s << A[i][j] << " ";
+        }
+        s << "\n";
+    }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Matrix<T> &A)
+{
+
+    Subscript M, N;
+
+    s >> M >> N;
+
+    if ( !(M == A.num_rows() && N == A.num_cols() ))
+    {
+        A.newsize(M,N);
+    }
+
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (Subscript j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+            s >>  A[i][j];
+        }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+// *******************[ basic matrix algorithms ]***************************
+
+
+template <class T>
+Matrix<T> operator+(const Matrix<T> &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+
+    assert(M==B.num_rows());
+    assert(N==B.num_cols());
+
+    Matrix<T> tmp(M,N);
+    Subscript i,j;
+
+    for (i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
+            tmp[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Matrix<T> operator-(const Matrix<T> &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+
+    assert(M==B.num_rows());
+    assert(N==B.num_cols());
+
+    Matrix<T> tmp(M,N);
+    Subscript i,j;
+
+    for (i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
+            tmp[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Matrix<T> mult_element(const Matrix<T> &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+
+    assert(M==B.num_rows());
+    assert(N==B.num_cols());
+
+    Matrix<T> tmp(M,N);
+    Subscript i,j;
+
+    for (i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
+            tmp[i][j] = A[i][j] * B[i][j];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Matrix<T> transpose(const Matrix<T> &A)
+{
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+
+    Matrix<T> S(N,M);
+    Subscript i, j;
+
+    for (i=0; i<M; i++)
+        for (j=0; j<N; j++)
+            S[j][i] = A[i][j];
+
+    return S;
+}
+
+
+    
+template <class T>
+inline Matrix<T> matmult(const Matrix<T>  &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+    assert(A.num_cols() == B.num_rows());
+#endif
+
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+    Subscript K = B.num_cols();
+
+    Matrix<T> tmp(M,K);
+    T sum;
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+    for (Subscript k=0; k<K; k++)
+    {
+        sum = 0;
+        for (Subscript j=0; j<N; j++)
+            sum = sum +  A[i][j] * B[j][k];
+
+        tmp[i][k] = sum; 
+    }
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Matrix<T> operator*(const Matrix<T>  &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+    return matmult(A,B);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int matmult(Matrix<T>& C, const Matrix<T>  &A, 
+    const Matrix<T> &B)
+{
+
+    assert(A.num_cols() == B.num_rows());
+
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+    Subscript K = B.num_cols();
+
+    C.newsize(M,K);
+
+    T sum;
+
+    const T* row_i;
+    const T* col_k;
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+    for (Subscript k=0; k<K; k++)
+    {
+        row_i  = &(A[i][0]);
+        col_k  = &(B[0][k]);
+        sum = 0;
+        for (Subscript j=0; j<N; j++)
+        {
+            sum  += *row_i * *col_k;
+            row_i++;
+            col_k += K;
+        }
+        C[i][k] = sum; 
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Vector<T> matmult(const Matrix<T>  &A, const Vector<T> &x)
+{
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+    assert(A.num_cols() == x.dim());
+#endif
+
+    Subscript M = A.num_rows();
+    Subscript N = A.num_cols();
+
+    Vector<T> tmp(M);
+    T sum;
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<M; i++)
+    {
+        sum = 0;
+        const T* rowi = A[i];
+        for (Subscript j=0; j<N; j++)
+            sum = sum +  rowi[j] * x[j];
+
+        tmp[i] = sum; 
+    }
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Vector<T> operator*(const Matrix<T>  &A, const Vector<T> &x)
+{
+    return matmult(A,x);
+}
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
+// CMAT_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad3bba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY1D_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY1D_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#include "tnt_i_refvec.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Fortran_Array1D 
+{
+
+  private:
+
+    i_refvec<T> v_;
+    int n_;
+    T* data_;				/* this normally points to v_.begin(), but
+                             * could also point to a portion (subvector)
+							 * of v_.
+                            */
+
+    void initialize_(int n);
+    void copy_(T* p, const T*  q, int len) const;
+    void set_(T* begin,  T* end, const T& val);
+ 
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+
+
+	         Fortran_Array1D();
+	explicit Fortran_Array1D(int n);
+	         Fortran_Array1D(int n, const T &a);
+	         Fortran_Array1D(int n,  T *a);
+    inline   Fortran_Array1D(const Fortran_Array1D &A);
+	inline   Fortran_Array1D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline   Fortran_Array1D & operator=(const Fortran_Array1D &A);
+	inline   Fortran_Array1D & ref(const Fortran_Array1D &A);
+	         Fortran_Array1D copy() const;
+		     Fortran_Array1D & inject(const Fortran_Array1D & A);
+	inline   T& operator()(int i);
+	inline   const T& operator()(int i) const;
+	inline 	 int dim1() const;
+	inline   int dim() const;
+              ~Fortran_Array1D();
+
+
+	/* ... extended interface ... */
+
+	inline int ref_count() const;
+	inline Fortran_Array1D<T> subarray(int i0, int i1);
+
+};
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::Fortran_Array1D() : v_(), n_(0), data_(0) {}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::Fortran_Array1D(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A) : v_(A.v_),  n_(A.n_), 
+		data_(A.data_)
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Fortran_Array1D(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A) \n";
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::Fortran_Array1D(int n) : v_(n), n_(n), data_(v_.begin())
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Fortran_Array1D(int n) \n";
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::Fortran_Array1D(int n, const T &val) : v_(n), n_(n), data_(v_.begin()) 
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Fortran_Array1D(int n, const T& val) \n";
+#endif
+	set_(data_, data_+ n, val);
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::Fortran_Array1D(int n, T *a) : v_(a), n_(n) , data_(v_.begin())
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+	std::cout << "Created Fortran_Array1D(int n, T* a) \n";
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T& Fortran_Array1D<T>::operator()(int i) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i>= 1);
+	assert(i <= n_);
+#endif
+	return data_[i-1]; 
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T& Fortran_Array1D<T>::operator()(int i) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i>= 1);
+	assert(i <= n_);
+#endif
+	return data_[i-1]; 
+}
+
+
+	
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> & Fortran_Array1D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+	set_(data_, data_+n_, a);
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> Fortran_Array1D<T>::copy() const
+{
+	Fortran_Array1D A( n_);
+	copy_(A.data_, data_, n_);
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> & Fortran_Array1D<T>::inject(const Fortran_Array1D &A)
+{
+	if (A.n_ == n_)
+		copy_(data_, A.data_, n_);
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> & Fortran_Array1D<T>::ref(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		v_ = A.v_;		/* operator= handles the reference counting. */
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		data_ = A.data_; 
+		
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> & Fortran_Array1D<T>::operator=(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array1D<T>::dim1() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array1D<T>::dim() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>::~Fortran_Array1D() {}
+
+
+/* ............................ exented interface ......................*/
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array1D<T>::ref_count() const
+{
+	return v_.ref_count();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline Fortran_Array1D<T> Fortran_Array1D<T>::subarray(int i0, int i1)
+{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout << "entered subarray. \n";
+#endif
+	if ((i0 > 0) && (i1 < n_) || (i0 <= i1))
+	{
+		Fortran_Array1D<T> X(*this);  /* create a new instance of this array. */
+		X.n_ = i1-i0+1;
+		X.data_ += i0;
+
+		return X;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout << "subarray:  null return.\n";
+#endif
+		return Fortran_Array1D<T>();
+	}
+}
+
+
+/* private internal functions */
+
+
+template <class T>
+void Fortran_Array1D<T>::set_(T* begin, T* end, const T& a)
+{
+	for (T* p=begin; p<end; p++)
+		*p = a;
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void Fortran_Array1D<T>::copy_(T* p, const T* q, int len) const
+{
+	T *end = p + len;
+	while (p<end )
+		*p++ = *q++;
+
+}
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY1D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b037b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array1d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY1D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY1D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+/**
+	Write an array to a character outstream.  Output format is one that can
+	be read back in via the in-stream operator: one integer
+	denoting the array dimension (n), followed by n elements,
+	one per line.  
+
+*/
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+    int N=A.dim1();
+
+    s << N << "\n";
+    for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
+    {
+       s << A(j) << "\n";
+    }
+    s << "\n";
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+/**
+	Read an array from a character stream.  Input format
+	is one integer, denoting the dimension (n), followed
+	by n whitespace-separated elments.  Newlines are ignored
+
+	<p>
+	Note: the array being read into references new memory
+	storage. If the intent is to fill an existing conformant
+	array, use <code> cin >> B;  A.inject(B) ); </code>
+	instead or read the elements in one-a-time by hand.
+
+	@param s the charater to read from (typically <code>std::in</code>)
+	@param A the array to read into.
+*/
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Fortran_Array1D<T> &A)
+{
+	int N;
+	s >> N;
+
+	Fortran_Array1D<T> B(N);
+	for (int i=1; i<=N; i++)
+		s >> B(i);
+	A = B;
+	return s;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> operator+(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+			C(i) = A(i) + B(i);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> operator-(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+			C(i) = A(i) - B(i);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> operator*(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+			C(i) = A(i) * B(i);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T> operator/(const Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array1D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array1D<T> C(n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+			C(i) = A(i) / B(i);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>&  operator+=(Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+				A(i) += B(i);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>&  operator-=(Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+				A(i) -= B(i);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>&  operator*=(Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+				A(i) *= B(i);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array1D<T>&  operator/=(Fortran_Array1D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array1D<T> &B)
+{
+	int n = A.dim1();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == n)
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=n; i++)
+		{
+				A(i) /= B(i);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f307536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT): Two-dimensional Fortran numerical array
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "tnt_i_refvec.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Fortran_Array2D 
+{
+
+
+  private: 
+  		i_refvec<T> v_;
+		int m_;
+		int n_;
+		T* data_;
+
+
+    	void initialize_(int n);
+    	void copy_(T* p, const T*  q, int len);
+    	void set_(T* begin,  T* end, const T& val);
+ 
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+
+	       Fortran_Array2D();
+	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n);
+	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n,  T *a);
+	       Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, const T &a);
+    inline Fortran_Array2D(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
+	inline Fortran_Array2D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline Fortran_Array2D & operator=(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
+	inline Fortran_Array2D & ref(const Fortran_Array2D &A);
+	       Fortran_Array2D copy() const;
+		   Fortran_Array2D & inject(const Fortran_Array2D & A);
+	inline T& operator()(int i, int j);
+	inline const T& operator()(int i, int j) const ;
+	inline int dim1() const;
+	inline int dim2() const;
+               ~Fortran_Array2D();
+
+	/* extended interface */
+
+	inline int ref_count() const;
+
+};
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D() : v_(), m_(0), n_(0), data_(0) {}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A) : v_(A.v_),
+		m_(A.m_), n_(A.n_), data_(A.data_) {}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n) : v_(m*n), m_(m), n_(n),
+	data_(v_.begin()) {}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, const T &val) : 
+	v_(m*n), m_(m), n_(n), data_(v_.begin())
+{
+	set_(data_, data_+m*n, val);
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::Fortran_Array2D(int m, int n, T *a) : v_(a),
+	m_(m), n_(n), data_(v_.begin()) {}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline T& Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator()(int i, int j) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 1);
+	assert(i <= m_);
+	assert(j >= 1);
+	assert(j <= n_);
+#endif
+
+	return v_[ (j-1)*m_ + (i-1) ];
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T& Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator()(int i, int j) const
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 1);
+	assert(i <= m_);
+	assert(j >= 1);
+	assert(j <= n_);
+#endif
+
+	return v_[ (j-1)*m_ + (i-1) ];
+
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+ 	set_(data_, data_+m_*n_, a);
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> Fortran_Array2D<T>::copy() const
+{
+
+	Fortran_Array2D B(m_,n_);
+	
+	B.inject(*this);
+	return B;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::inject(const Fortran_Array2D &A)
+{
+	if (m_ == A.m_ && n_ == A.n_)
+		copy_(data_, A.data_, m_*n_);
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::ref(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		v_ = A.v_;
+		m_ = A.m_;
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		data_ = A.data_;
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> & Fortran_Array2D<T>::operator=(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::dim1() const { return m_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::dim2() const { return n_; }
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>::~Fortran_Array2D()
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array2D<T>::ref_count() const { return v_.ref_count(); }
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+void Fortran_Array2D<T>::set_(T* begin, T* end, const T& a)
+{
+	for (T* p=begin; p<end; p++)
+		*p = a;
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void Fortran_Array2D<T>::copy_(T* p, const T* q, int len) 
+{
+	T *end = p + len;
+	while (p<end )
+		*p++ = *q++;
+
+}
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb68673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array2d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY2D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+    int M=A.dim1();
+    int N=A.dim2();
+
+    s << M << " " << N << "\n";
+
+    for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
+        {
+            s << A(i,j) << " ";
+        }
+        s << "\n";
+    }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Fortran_Array2D<T> &A)
+{
+
+    int M, N;
+
+    s >> M >> N;
+
+	Fortran_Array2D<T> B(M,N);
+
+    for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
+        for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
+        {
+            s >>  B(i,j);
+        }
+
+	A = B;
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> operator+(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				C(i,j) = A(i,j) + B(i,j);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> operator-(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				C(i,j) = A(i,j) - B(i,j);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> operator*(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				C(i,j) = A(i,j) * B(i,j);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T> operator/(const Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n )
+		return Fortran_Array2D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array2D<T> C(m,n);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				C(i,j) = A(i,j) / B(i,j);
+		}
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>&  operator+=(Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				A(i,j) += B(i,j);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>&  operator-=(Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				A(i,j) -= B(i,j);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>&  operator*=(Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				A(i,j) *= B(i,j);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array2D<T>&  operator/=(Fortran_Array2D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array2D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m ||  B.dim2() == n )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+		{
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				A(i,j) /= B(i,j);
+		}
+	}
+	return A;
+}
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e51affb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT): Three-dimensional Fortran numerical array
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY3D_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY3D_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+#include "tnt_i_refvec.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+template <class T>
+class Fortran_Array3D 
+{
+
+
+  private: 
+
+
+		i_refvec<T> v_;
+		int m_;
+		int n_;
+		int k_;
+		T* data_;
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+
+	       Fortran_Array3D();
+	       Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k);
+	       Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k,  T *a);
+	       Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k, const T &a);
+    inline Fortran_Array3D(const Fortran_Array3D &A);
+	inline Fortran_Array3D & operator=(const T &a);
+	inline Fortran_Array3D & operator=(const Fortran_Array3D &A);
+	inline Fortran_Array3D & ref(const Fortran_Array3D &A);
+	       Fortran_Array3D copy() const;
+		   Fortran_Array3D & inject(const Fortran_Array3D & A);
+	inline T& operator()(int i, int j, int k);
+	inline const T& operator()(int i, int j, int k) const ;
+	inline int dim1() const;
+	inline int dim2() const;
+	inline int dim3() const;
+	inline int ref_count() const;
+               ~Fortran_Array3D();
+
+
+};
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::Fortran_Array3D() :  v_(), m_(0), n_(0), k_(0), data_(0) {}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::Fortran_Array3D(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A) : 
+	v_(A.v_), m_(A.m_), n_(A.n_), k_(A.k_), data_(A.data_) {}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k) : 
+	v_(m*n*k), m_(m), n_(n), k_(k), data_(v_.begin()) {}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k, const T &val) : 
+	v_(m*n*k), m_(m), n_(n), k_(k), data_(v_.begin())
+{
+	for (T* p = data_; p < data_ + m*n*k; p++)
+		*p = val;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::Fortran_Array3D(int m, int n, int k, T *a) : 
+	v_(a), m_(m), n_(n), k_(k), data_(v_.begin()) {}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline T& Fortran_Array3D<T>::operator()(int i, int j, int k) 
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 1);
+	assert(i <= m_);
+	assert(j >= 1);
+	assert(j <= n_);
+	assert(k >= 1);
+	assert(k <= k_);
+#endif
+
+	return data_[(k-1)*m_*n_ + (j-1) * m_ + i-1];
+
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T& Fortran_Array3D<T>::operator()(int i, int j, int k)  const
+{ 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+	assert(i >= 1);
+	assert(i <= m_);
+	assert(j >= 1);
+	assert(j <= n_);
+	assert(k >= 1);
+	assert(k <= k_);
+#endif
+
+	return data_[(k-1)*m_*n_ + (j-1) * m_ + i-1];
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> & Fortran_Array3D<T>::operator=(const T &a)
+{
+
+	T *end = data_ + m_*n_*k_;
+
+	for (T *p=data_; p != end; *p++ = a);
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> Fortran_Array3D<T>::copy() const
+{
+
+	Fortran_Array3D B(m_, n_, k_);
+	B.inject(*this);
+	return B;
+	
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> & Fortran_Array3D<T>::inject(const Fortran_Array3D &A)
+{
+
+	if (m_ == A.m_ && n_ == A.n_ && k_ == A.k_)
+	{
+		T *p = data_;
+		T *end = data_ + m_*n_*k_;
+		const T* q = A.data_;
+		for (; p < end; *p++ =  *q++);
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> & Fortran_Array3D<T>::ref(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+
+	if (this != &A)
+	{
+		v_ = A.v_;
+		m_ = A.m_;
+		n_ = A.n_;
+		k_ = A.k_;
+		data_ = A.data_;
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> & Fortran_Array3D<T>::operator=(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+	return ref(A);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array3D<T>::dim1() const { return m_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array3D<T>::dim2() const { return n_; }
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array3D<T>::dim3() const { return k_; }
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline int Fortran_Array3D<T>::ref_count() const 
+{ 
+	return v_.ref_count(); 
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>::~Fortran_Array3D()
+{
+}
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY3D_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a13a275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_fortran_array3d_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY3D_UTILS_H
+#define TNT_FORTRAN_ARRAY3D_UTILS_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+    int M=A.dim1();
+    int N=A.dim2();
+    int K=A.dim3();
+
+    s << M << " " << N << " " << K << "\n";
+
+    for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
+    {
+        for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
+        {
+			for (int k=1; k<=K; k++)
+            	s << A(i,j,k) << " ";
+			s << "\n";
+        }
+        s << "\n";
+    }
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &s, Fortran_Array3D<T> &A)
+{
+
+    int M, N, K;
+
+    s >> M >> N >> K;
+
+	Fortran_Array3D<T> B(M,N,K);
+
+    for (int i=1; i<=M; i++)
+        for (int j=1; j<=N; j++)
+			for (int k=1; k<=K; k++)
+            	s >>  B(i,j,k);
+
+	A = B;
+    return s;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> operator+(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Fortran_Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+				C(i,j,k) = A(i,j,k)+ B(i,j,k);
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> operator-(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Fortran_Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+				C(i,j,k) = A(i,j,k)- B(i,j,k);
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> operator*(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Fortran_Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+				C(i,j,k) = A(i,j,k)* B(i,j,k);
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T> operator/(const Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() != m ||  B.dim2() != n || B.dim3() != p )
+		return Fortran_Array3D<T>();
+
+	else
+	{
+		Fortran_Array3D<T> C(m,n,p);
+
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+				C(i,j,k) = A(i,j,k)/ B(i,j,k);
+
+		return C;
+	}
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>& operator+=(Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+					A(i,j,k) += B(i,j,k);
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>& operator-=(Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+					A(i,j,k) -= B(i,j,k);
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>& operator*=(Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+					A(i,j,k) *= B(i,j,k);
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+Fortran_Array3D<T>& operator/=(Fortran_Array3D<T> &A, const Fortran_Array3D<T> &B)
+{
+	int m = A.dim1();
+	int n = A.dim2();
+	int p = A.dim3();
+
+	if (B.dim1() == m &&  B.dim2() == n && B.dim3() == p )
+	{
+		for (int i=1; i<=m; i++)
+			for (int j=1; j<=n; j++)
+				for (int k=1; k<=p; k++)
+					A(i,j,k) /= B(i,j,k);
+	}
+
+	return A;
+}
+
+
+} // namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_i_refvec.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_i_refvec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a67eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_i_refvec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_I_REFVEC_H
+#define TNT_I_REFVEC_H
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NULL
+#define NULL 0
+#endif
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+/*
+	Internal representation of ref-counted array.  The TNT
+	arrays all use this building block.
+
+	<p>
+	If an array block is created by TNT, then every time 
+	an assignment is made, the left-hand-side reference 
+	is decreased by one, and the right-hand-side refernce
+	count is increased by one.  If the array block was
+	external to TNT, the refernce count is a NULL pointer
+	regardless of how many references are made, since the 
+	memory is not freed by TNT.
+
+
+	
+*/
+template <class T>
+class i_refvec
+{
+
+
+  private:
+    T* data_;                  
+    int *ref_count_;
+
+
+  public:
+
+			 i_refvec();
+	explicit i_refvec(int n);
+	inline	 i_refvec(T* data);
+	inline	 i_refvec(const i_refvec &v);
+	inline   T*		 begin();
+	inline const T* begin() const;
+	inline  T& operator[](int i);
+	inline const T& operator[](int i) const;
+	inline  i_refvec<T> & operator=(const i_refvec<T> &V);
+		    void copy_(T* p, const T* q, const T* e); 
+		    void set_(T* p, const T* b, const T* e); 
+	inline 	int	 ref_count() const;
+	inline  int is_null() const;
+	inline  void destroy();
+			 ~i_refvec();
+			
+};
+
+template <class T>
+void i_refvec<T>::copy_(T* p, const T* q, const T* e)
+{
+	for (T* t=p; q<e; t++, q++)
+		*t= *q;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+i_refvec<T>::i_refvec() : data_(NULL), ref_count_(NULL) {}
+
+/**
+	In case n is 0 or negative, it does NOT call new. 
+*/
+template <class T>
+i_refvec<T>::i_refvec(int n) : data_(NULL), ref_count_(NULL)
+{
+	if (n >= 1)
+	{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout  << "new data storage.\n";
+#endif
+		data_ = new T[n];
+		ref_count_ = new int;
+		*ref_count_ = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline	 i_refvec<T>::i_refvec(const i_refvec<T> &V): data_(V.data_),
+	ref_count_(V.ref_count_)
+{
+	if (V.ref_count_ != NULL)
+	    (*(V.ref_count_))++;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+i_refvec<T>::i_refvec(T* data) : data_(data), ref_count_(NULL) {}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T* i_refvec<T>::begin()
+{
+	return data_;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T& i_refvec<T>::operator[](int i) const
+{
+	return data_[i];
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T& i_refvec<T>::operator[](int i)
+{
+	return data_[i];
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+inline const T* i_refvec<T>::begin() const
+{
+	return data_;
+}
+
+
+
+template <class T>
+i_refvec<T> & i_refvec<T>::operator=(const i_refvec<T> &V)
+{
+	if (this == &V)
+		return *this;
+
+
+	if (ref_count_ != NULL)
+	{
+		(*ref_count_) --;
+		if ((*ref_count_) == 0)
+			destroy();
+	}
+
+	data_ = V.data_;
+	ref_count_ = V.ref_count_;
+
+	if (V.ref_count_ != NULL)
+	    (*(V.ref_count_))++;
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void i_refvec<T>::destroy()
+{
+	if (ref_count_ != NULL)
+	{
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout << "destorying data... \n";
+#endif
+		delete ref_count_;
+
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout << "deleted ref_count_ ...\n";
+#endif
+		if (data_ != NULL)
+			delete []data_;
+#ifdef TNT_DEBUG
+		std::cout << "deleted data_[] ...\n";
+#endif
+		data_ = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+* return 1 is vector is empty, 0 otherwise
+*
+* if is_null() is false and ref_count() is 0, then
+* 
+*/
+template<class T>
+int i_refvec<T>::is_null() const
+{
+	return (data_ == NULL ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+/*
+*  returns -1 if data is external, 
+*  returns 0 if a is NULL array,
+*  otherwise returns the positive number of vectors sharing
+*  		this data space.
+*/
+template <class T>
+int i_refvec<T>::ref_count() const
+{
+	if (data_ == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return (ref_count_ != NULL ? *ref_count_ : -1) ; 
+}
+
+template <class T>
+i_refvec<T>::~i_refvec()
+{
+	if (ref_count_ != NULL)
+	{
+		(*ref_count_)--;
+
+		if (*ref_count_ == 0)
+		destroy();
+	}
+}
+
+
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif
+/* TNT_I_REFVEC_H */
+
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_math_utils.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_math_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9c1c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_math_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef MATH_UTILS_H
+#define MATH_UTILS_H
+
+/* needed for fabs, sqrt() below */
+#include <cmath>
+
+
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+/**
+	@returns hypotenuse of real (non-complex) scalars a and b by 
+	avoiding underflow/overflow
+	using (a * sqrt( 1 + (b/a) * (b/a))), rather than
+	sqrt(a*a + b*b).
+*/
+template <class Real>
+Real hypot(const Real &a, const Real &b)
+{
+	
+	if (a== 0)
+		return abs(b);
+	else
+	{
+		Real c = b/a;
+		return fabs(a) * sqrt(1 + c*c);
+	}
+}
+} /* TNT namespace */
+
+
+
+#endif
+/* MATH_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_sparse_matrix_csr.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_sparse_matrix_csr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d4fde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_sparse_matrix_csr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_SPARSE_MATRIX_CSR_H
+#define TNT_SPARSE_MATRIX_CSR_H
+
+#include "tnt_array1d.h"
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+
+/**
+	Read-only view of a sparse matrix in compressed-row storage
+	format.  Neither array elements (nonzeros) nor sparsity
+	structure can be modified.  If modifications are required,
+	create a new view.
+
+	<p>
+	Index values begin at 0.
+
+	<p>
+	<b>Storage requirements:</b> An (m x n) matrix with
+	nz nonzeros requires no more than  ((T+I)*nz + M*I)
+	bytes, where T is the size of data elements and
+	I is the size of integers.
+	
+
+*/
+template <class T>
+class Sparse_Matrix_CompRow {
+
+private:
+	Array1D<T>    val_;       // data values (nz_ elements)
+    Array1D<int>  rowptr_;    // row_ptr (dim_[0]+1 elements)
+    Array1D<int>  colind_;    // col_ind  (nz_ elements)
+
+    int dim1_;        // number of rows
+    int dim2_;        // number of cols
+  
+public:
+
+	Sparse_Matrix_CompRow(const Sparse_Matrix_CompRow &S);
+	Sparse_Matrix_CompRow(int M, int N, int nz, const T *val, 
+						const int *r, const int *c);
+    
+
+
+    inline   const T&      val(int i) const { return val_[i]; }
+    inline   const int&         row_ptr(int i) const { return rowptr_[i]; }
+    inline   const int&         col_ind(int i) const { return colind_[i];}
+
+    inline   int    dim1() const {return dim1_;}
+    inline   int    dim2() const {return dim2_;}
+       int          NumNonzeros() const {return val_.dim1();}
+
+
+    Sparse_Matrix_CompRow& operator=(
+					const Sparse_Matrix_CompRow &R);
+
+
+
+};
+
+/**
+	Construct a read-only view of existing sparse matrix in
+	compressed-row storage format.
+
+	@param M the number of rows of sparse matrix
+	@param N the  number of columns of sparse matrix
+	@param nz the number of nonzeros
+	@param val a contiguous list of nonzero values
+	@param r row-pointers: r[i] denotes the begining position of row i
+		(i.e. the ith row begins at val[row[i]]).
+	@param c column-indices: c[i] denotes the column location of val[i]
+*/
+template <class T>
+Sparse_Matrix_CompRow<T>::Sparse_Matrix_CompRow(int M, int N, int nz,
+	const T *val, const int *r, const int *c) : val_(nz,val), 
+		rowptr_(M, r), colind_(nz, c), dim1_(M), dim2_(N) {}
+
+
+}
+// namespace TNT
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_stopwatch.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_stopwatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc5d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_stopwatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain.  NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef STOPWATCH_H
+#define STOPWATCH_H
+
+// for clock() and CLOCKS_PER_SEC
+#include <time.h>
+
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+inline static double seconds(void)
+{
+    const double secs_per_tick = 1.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
+    return ( (double) clock() ) * secs_per_tick;
+}
+
+class Stopwatch {
+    private:
+        int running_;
+        double start_time_;
+        double total_;
+
+    public:
+        inline Stopwatch();
+        inline void start();
+        inline double stop();
+		inline double read();
+		inline void resume();
+		inline int running();
+};
+
+inline Stopwatch::Stopwatch() : running_(0), start_time_(0.0), total_(0.0) {}
+
+void Stopwatch::start() 
+{
+	running_ = 1;
+	total_ = 0.0;
+	start_time_ = seconds();
+}
+
+double Stopwatch::stop()  
+{
+	if (running_) 
+	{
+         total_ += (seconds() - start_time_); 
+         running_ = 0;
+    }
+    return total_; 
+}
+
+inline void Stopwatch::resume()
+{
+	if (!running_)
+	{
+		start_time_ = seconds();
+		running_ = 1;
+	}
+}
+		
+
+inline double Stopwatch::read()   
+{
+	if (running_)
+	{
+		stop();
+		resume();
+	}
+	return total_;
+}
+
+
+} /* TNT namespace */
+#endif
+    
+
+            
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_subscript.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_subscript.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8fe120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_subscript.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_SUBSCRPT_H
+#define TNT_SUBSCRPT_H
+
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This definition describes the default TNT data type used for
+// indexing into TNT matrices and vectors.  The data type should
+// be wide enough to index into large arrays.  It defaults to an
+// "int", but can be overriden at compile time redefining TNT_SUBSCRIPT_TYPE,
+// e.g.
+// 
+//      c++ -DTNT_SUBSCRIPT_TYPE='unsigned int'  ...
+//
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+
+#ifndef TNT_SUBSCRIPT_TYPE
+#define TNT_SUBSCRIPT_TYPE int
+#endif
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+    typedef TNT_SUBSCRIPT_TYPE Subscript;
+} /* namespace TNT */
+
+
+// () indexing in TNT means 1-offset, i.e. x(1) and A(1,1) are the
+// first elements.  This offset is left as a macro for future
+// purposes, but should not be changed in the current release.
+//
+//
+#define TNT_BASE_OFFSET (1)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_vec.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_vec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3455d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_vec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+
+
+#ifndef TNT_VEC_H
+#define TNT_VEC_H
+
+#include "tnt_subscript.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace TNT
+{
+
+/**
+ <b>[Deprecatred]</b>  Value-based vector class from pre-1.0
+ 	TNT version.  Kept here for backward compatiblity, but should
+	use the newer TNT::Array1D classes instead.
+
+*/
+
+template <class T>
+class Vector 
+{
+
+
+  public:
+
+    typedef Subscript   size_type;
+    typedef         T   value_type;
+    typedef         T   element_type;
+    typedef         T*  pointer;
+    typedef         T*  iterator;
+    typedef         T&  reference;
+    typedef const   T*  const_iterator;
+    typedef const   T&  const_reference;
+
+    Subscript lbound() const { return 1;}
+ 
+  protected:
+    T* v_;                  
+    T* vm1_;        // pointer adjustment for optimzied 1-offset indexing
+    Subscript n_;
+
+    // internal helper function to create the array
+    // of row pointers
+
+    void initialize(Subscript N)
+    {
+        // adjust pointers so that they are 1-offset:
+        // v_[] is the internal contiguous array, it is still 0-offset
+        //
+        assert(v_ == NULL);
+        v_ = new T[N];
+        assert(v_  != NULL);
+        vm1_ = v_-1;
+        n_ = N;
+    }
+   
+    void copy(const T*  v)
+    {
+        Subscript N = n_;
+        Subscript i;
+
+#ifdef TNT_UNROLL_LOOPS
+        Subscript Nmod4 = N & 3;
+        Subscript N4 = N - Nmod4;
+
+        for (i=0; i<N4; i+=4)
+        {
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+            v_[i+1] = v[i+1];
+            v_[i+2] = v[i+2];
+            v_[i+3] = v[i+3];
+        }
+
+        for (i=N4; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+#else
+
+        for (i=0; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = v[i];
+#endif      
+    }
+
+    void set(const T& val)
+    {
+        Subscript N = n_;
+        Subscript i;
+
+#ifdef TNT_UNROLL_LOOPS
+        Subscript Nmod4 = N & 3;
+        Subscript N4 = N - Nmod4;
+
+        for (i=0; i<N4; i+=4)
+        {
+            v_[i] = val;
+            v_[i+1] = val;
+            v_[i+2] = val;
+            v_[i+3] = val; 
+        }
+
+        for (i=N4; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = val;
+#else
+
+        for (i=0; i< N; i++)
+            v_[i] = val;
+        
+#endif      
+    }
+    
+
+
+    void destroy()
+    {     
+        /* do nothing, if no memory has been previously allocated */
+        if (v_ == NULL) return ;
+
+        /* if we are here, then matrix was previously allocated */
+        delete [] (v_);     
+
+        v_ = NULL;
+        vm1_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+
+  public:
+
+    // access
+
+    iterator begin() { return v_;}
+    iterator end()   { return v_ + n_; }
+    const iterator begin() const { return v_;}
+    const iterator end() const  { return v_ + n_; }
+
+    // destructor
+
+    ~Vector() 
+    {
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    // constructors
+
+    Vector() : v_(0), vm1_(0), n_(0)  {};
+
+    Vector(const Vector<T> &A) : v_(0), vm1_(0), n_(0)
+    {
+        initialize(A.n_);
+        copy(A.v_);
+    }
+
+    Vector(Subscript N, const T& value = T()) :  v_(0), vm1_(0), n_(0)
+    {
+        initialize(N);
+        set(value);
+    }
+
+    Vector(Subscript N, const T* v) :  v_(0), vm1_(0), n_(0)
+    {
+        initialize(N);
+        copy(v);
+    }
+
+    Vector(Subscript N, char *s) :  v_(0), vm1_(0), n_(0)
+    {
+        initialize(N);
+        std::istringstream ins(s);
+
+        Subscript i;
+
+        for (i=0; i<N; i++)
+                ins >> v_[i];
+    }
+
+
+    // methods
+    // 
+    Vector<T>& newsize(Subscript N)
+    {
+        if (n_ == N) return *this;
+
+        destroy();
+        initialize(N);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    // assignments
+    //
+    Vector<T>& operator=(const Vector<T> &A)
+    {
+        if (v_ == A.v_)
+            return *this;
+
+        if (n_ == A.n_)         // no need to re-alloc
+            copy(A.v_);
+
+        else
+        {
+            destroy();
+            initialize(A.n_);
+            copy(A.v_);
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+        
+    Vector<T>& operator=(const T& scalar)
+    { 
+        set(scalar);  
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline Subscript dim() const 
+    {
+        return  n_; 
+    }
+
+    inline Subscript size() const 
+    {
+        return  n_; 
+    }
+
+
+    inline reference operator()(Subscript i)
+    { 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= n_) ;
+#endif
+        return vm1_[i]; 
+    }
+
+    inline const_reference operator() (Subscript i) const
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(1<=i);
+        assert(i <= n_) ;
+#endif
+        return vm1_[i]; 
+    }
+
+    inline reference operator[](Subscript i)
+    { 
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(0<=i);
+        assert(i < n_) ;
+#endif
+        return v_[i]; 
+    }
+
+    inline const_reference operator[](Subscript i) const
+    {
+#ifdef TNT_BOUNDS_CHECK
+        assert(0<=i);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        assert(i < n_) ;
+#endif
+        return v_[i]; 
+    }
+
+
+
+};
+
+
+/* ***************************  I/O  ********************************/
+
+template <class T>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &s, const Vector<T> &A)
+{
+    Subscript N=A.dim();
+
+    s <<  N << "\n";
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<N; i++)
+        s   << A[i] << " " << "\n";
+    s << "\n";
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+std::istream & operator>>(std::istream &s, Vector<T> &A)
+{
+
+    Subscript N;
+
+    s >> N;
+
+    if ( !(N == A.size() ))
+    {
+        A.newsize(N);
+    }
+
+
+    for (Subscript i=0; i<N; i++)
+            s >>  A[i];
+
+
+    return s;
+}
+
+// *******************[ basic matrix algorithms ]***************************
+
+
+template <class T>
+Vector<T> operator+(const Vector<T> &A, 
+    const Vector<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript N = A.dim();
+
+    assert(N==B.dim());
+
+    Vector<T> tmp(N);
+    Subscript i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++)
+            tmp[i] = A[i] + B[i];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Vector<T> operator-(const Vector<T> &A, 
+    const Vector<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript N = A.dim();
+
+    assert(N==B.dim());
+
+    Vector<T> tmp(N);
+    Subscript i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++)
+            tmp[i] = A[i] - B[i];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+Vector<T> operator*(const Vector<T> &A, 
+    const Vector<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript N = A.dim();
+
+    assert(N==B.dim());
+
+    Vector<T> tmp(N);
+    Subscript i;
+
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++)
+            tmp[i] = A[i] * B[i];
+
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+
+template <class T>
+T dot_prod(const Vector<T> &A, const Vector<T> &B)
+{
+    Subscript N = A.dim();
+    assert(N == B.dim());
+
+    Subscript i;
+    T sum = 0;
+
+    for (i=0; i<N; i++)
+        sum += A[i] * B[i];
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+}   /* namespace TNT */
+
+#endif
+// TNT_VEC_H
diff --git a/lib/include/tnt/tnt_version.h b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_version.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..047e7d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/include/tnt/tnt_version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+*
+* Template Numerical Toolkit (TNT)
+*
+* Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
+* National Institute of Technology,
+* Gaithersburg, MD USA
+*
+*
+* This software was developed at the National Institute of Standards and
+* Technology (NIST) by employees of the Federal Government in the course
+* of their official duties. Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the
+* United States Code, this software is not subject to copyright protection
+* and is in the public domain. NIST assumes no responsibility whatsoever for
+* its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied,
+* about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.
+*
+*/
+
+#ifndef TNT_VERSION_H
+#define TNT_VERSION_H
+
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  current version 
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+#define TNT_MAJOR_VERSION    '1'
+#define TNT_MINOR_VERSION    '2'
+#define TNT_SUBMINOR_VERSION '6'
+#define TNT_VERSION_STRING "1.2.6"
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif
+// TNT_VERSION_H